We undertake a five solar-cycle (SC 19 - 23) ≈55-year (December 1954 to August 2009) study of the high latitude polarity inversion lines (PILs) using the recently digitized McIntosh Archive (McA) of solar synoptic (Carrington) maps. We looked at the evolution of the median solar latitudes of primary and secondary PILs, and of the polar coronal hole (CH) boundary for all 732 Carrington Rotations (CRs). We found hemispheric differences in the “Rush to the Poles” (RttP) where the polar CH gaps are often longer in the southern hemisphere (SH), and the secondary PIL reaches its polemost latitude at the end of its RttP later and more poleward than in the northern hemisphere (NH). The latitude oscillations found after this poleward peak are also stronger and often longer in the SH than in the NH, and exhibit a 22-year variation. The location variations in the CH boundaries and PILs appear to be at least partly associated with similar variations in the magnetic field. We also found equatorward expansions of the polar CHs by ≈50% and equatorward shifts in the PILs that were part of a disturbance that propagated ≈15°/CR from the SH to the NH in the descending phase of SC 23.

我们使用最近数字化的太阳天气资料 (Carrington) 的麦金托什档案 (McA) 对高纬度极性反转线 (PIL) 进行了五个太阳周期 (SC 19 - 23) ≈55 年（1954 年 12 月至 2009 年 8 月）的研究地图。我们研究了所有 732 次卡林顿旋转 (CR) 的主要和次要 PIL 的中位太阳纬度以及极地日冕洞 (CH) 边界的演变。我们在“奔向极地”(RttP) 中发现了半球差异，其中南半球 (SH) 的极地 CH 间隙通常更长，而次生 PIL 在其 RttP 末端到达其最极纬度的时间比在北半球（NH）。在此极地峰值之后发现的纬度振荡在 SH 中也比在 NH 中更强且更长，并且表现出 22 年的变化。CH 边界和 PIL 的位置变化似乎至少部分与磁场中的类似变化有关。我们还发现极地 CH 向赤道方向扩展 ≈50%，PIL 向赤道移动，这是在 SC 23 下降阶段从 SH 传播 ≈15°/CR 到 NH 的扰动的一部分。