Brain Imaging and Behavior ( IF 3.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-18 , DOI: 10.1007/s11682-021-00508-6 Ekaterina Dobryakova 1, 2 , Suzanne Zuckerman 1 , Joshua Sandry 3
Outcome processing, the ability to learn from feedback, is an important component of adaptive behavior and rehabilitation. Evidence from healthy adults implicates the striatum and dopamine in outcome processing. Animal research shows that damage to dopaminergic pathways in the brain can lead to a disruption of dopamine tone and transmission. Such evidence thus suggests that persons with TBI experience deficits in outcome processing. However, no research has directly investigated outcome processing and associated neural mechanisms in TBI. Here, we examine outcome processing in individuals with TBI during learning. Given that TBI negatively impacts striatal and dopaminergic systems, we hypothesize that individuals with TBI exhibit deficits in learning from outcomes. To test this hypothesis, individuals with moderate-to-severe TBI and healthy adults were presented with a declarative paired-associate word learning task. Outcomes indicating performance accuracy were presented immediately during task performance and in the form of either monetary or performance-based feedback. Two types of feedback provided the opportunity to test whether extrinsic and intrinsic motivational aspects of outcome presentation play a role during learning and outcome processing. Our results show that individuals with TBI exhibited impaired learning from feedback compared to healthy participants. Additionally, individuals with TBI exhibited increased activation in the striatum during outcome processing. The results of this study suggest that outcome processing and learning from immediate outcomes is impaired in individuals with TBI and might be related to inefficient use of neural resources during task performance as reflected by increased activation of the striatum.
中文翻译:
TBI 患者学习过程中外在和内在结果处理的神经相关性:一项初步调查
结果处理,即从反馈中学习的能力,是适应性行为和康复的重要组成部分。来自健康成年人的证据表明,纹状体和多巴胺参与了结果处理。动物研究表明,对大脑中多巴胺能通路的损害会导致多巴胺音调和传输中断。因此,这些证据表明患有 TBI 的人在结果处理方面存在缺陷。然而,没有研究直接调查 TBI 中的结果处理和相关的神经机制。在这里,我们检查了 TBI 患者在学习期间的结果处理。鉴于 TBI 对纹状体和多巴胺能系统产生负面影响,我们假设患有 TBI 的个体在从结果中学习方面表现出缺陷。为了检验这个假设,中度至重度 TBI 患者和健康成人接受了陈述性配对关联词学习任务。在任务执行期间立即以金钱或基于绩效的反馈的形式呈现表明绩效准确性的结果。两种类型的反馈提供了测试结果呈现的外在和内在动机方面是否在学习和结果处理过程中发挥作用的机会。我们的研究结果表明,与健康参与者相比,患有 TBI 的人从反馈中学习受损。此外,患有 TBI 的个体在结果处理过程中表现出纹状体的激活增加。