Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel has gained interest in cartilage repair because of its highly swollen, porosity, and viscoelastic properties. However, PVA has some deficiencies, such as its poor biocompatibility and microstructure. This research aimed to design novel hydroxyapatite (HA)-collagen (COL)-PVA hydrogels. COL was added to improve cell biocompatibility, and the microstructure of the hydrogels was controlled by fused deposition modeling (FDM). The feasibility of the COL-HA-PVA hydrogels in cartilage repair was evaluated by in vitro and in vivo experiments. The scanning electron microscopy results showed that the hybrid hydrogels had interconnected macropore structures that contained a COL reticular scaffold. The diameter of the macropore was 1.08–1.85 mm, which corresponds to the diameter of the denatured PVA column. The chondrocytes were then seeded in hydrogels to assess the cell viability and formation of the cartilage matrix. The in vitro results revealed excellent cellular biocompatibility. Osteochondral defects (8 mm in diameter and 8 mm in depth) were created in the femoral trochlear of goats, and the defects were implanted with cell-seeded hydrogels, cell-free hydrogels, or a blank control. The in vivo results showed that the COL-HA-PVA hydrogels effectively repaired cartilage defects, especially the conditions inoculated with chondrocyte in advance. This research suggests that the COL-HA-PVA hydrogels have promising application in cartilage repair.

聚乙烯醇 (PVA) 水凝胶因其高度膨胀、孔隙率和粘弹性而在软骨修复中引起了人们的兴趣。然而，PVA存在一些不足，例如其较差的生物相容性和微观结构。本研究旨在设计新型羟基磷灰石 (HA)-胶原 (COL)-PVA 水凝胶。添加 COL 以提高细胞生物相容性，并且水凝胶的微观结构由熔融沉积建模 (FDM) 控制。通过体外和体内实验评估了 COL-HA-PVA 水凝胶在软骨修复中的可行性。扫描电子显微镜结果表明，混合水凝胶具有相互连接的大孔结构，其中包含 COL 网状支架。大孔的直径为 1.08-1.85 mm，对应于变性 PVA 柱的直径。然后将软骨细胞接种在水凝胶中以评估细胞活力和软骨基质的形成。体外结果显示出优异的细胞生物相容性。在山羊的股骨滑车中产生骨软骨缺损（直径 8 毫米，深度 8 毫米），并用细胞种子水凝胶、无细胞水凝胶或空白对照植入这些缺损处。体内结果表明，COL-HA-PVA 水凝胶可有效修复软骨缺损，尤其是在预先接种软骨细胞的情况下。该研究表明，COL-HA-PVA 水凝胶在软骨修复中具有广阔的应用前景。在山羊的股骨滑车中产生骨软骨缺损（直径 8 毫米，深度 8 毫米），并用细胞种子水凝胶、无细胞水凝胶或空白对照植入这些缺损处。体内结果表明，COL-HA-PVA 水凝胶可有效修复软骨缺损，尤其是在预先接种软骨细胞的情况下。该研究表明，COL-HA-PVA 水凝胶在软骨修复中具有广阔的应用前景。在山羊的股骨滑车中产生骨软骨缺损（直径 8 毫米，深度 8 毫米），并用细胞种子水凝胶、无细胞水凝胶或空白对照植入这些缺损处。体内结果表明，COL-HA-PVA 水凝胶可有效修复软骨缺损，尤其是在预先接种软骨细胞的情况下。该研究表明，COL-HA-PVA 水凝胶在软骨修复中具有广阔的应用前景。