Plants perceive externally produced microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) and endogenously produced danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) to activate inducible immunity. While several inducible immune responses have been observed during Fusarium graminearum infection, the identity of the signaling pathways involved is only partly known. We screened 227 receptor kinase and innate immune response genes in Arabidopsis to identify nine genes with a role in F. graminearum resistance. Resistance-promoting genes included the chitin receptors LYK5 and CERK1, and the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-producing NADPH oxidase RbohF, which were required for full inducible immune responses during infection. Two of the genes identified in our screen, APEX and the PAMP-induced peptide 1 (PIP1) DAMP receptor RLK7, repressed F. graminearum resistance. Both RbohF and RLK7 were required for full chitin-induced immune responses and PIP1 precursor expression was induced by chitin and F. graminearum infection. Together, this indicates that F. graminearum resistance is mediated by MAMP and DAMP signaling pathways and that chitin-induced signaling is enhanced by PIP1 perception and ROS production.

中文翻译：

---

MAMP和DAMP信号有助于拟南芥对禾谷镰刀菌的抗性

植物感知外部产生的微生物相关分子模式 (MAMPs) 和内源性产生的危险相关分子模式 (DAMPs) 以激活诱导免疫。虽然在禾谷镰刀菌感染期间观察到了几种可诱导的免疫反应，但所涉及的信号通路的特性仅部分了解。我们筛选了拟南芥中的 227 个受体激酶和先天免疫反应基因，以确定 9 个与禾谷镰刀菌抗性有关的基因。抗性促进基因包括几丁质受体 LYK5 和 CERK1，以及产生活性氧 (ROS) 的 NADPH 氧化酶 RbohF，它们是感染期间完全可诱导免疫反应所必需的。在我们的筛选中确定的两个基因，APEX 和 PAMP 诱导的肽 1 (PIP1) DAMP 受体 RLK7，抑制了禾谷镰刀菌的抗性。RbohF 和 RLK7 都是几丁质诱导的免疫反应所必需的，而 PIP1 前体表达是由几丁质和禾谷镰刀菌感染诱导的。总之，这表明禾谷镰刀菌的抗性是由 MAMP 和 DAMP 信号通路介导的，并且几丁质诱导的信号通过 PIP1 感知和 ROS 产生而增强。