A common assumption in comparative family policy studies is that employers statistically discriminate against women in countries with dual-earner family policy models. The empirical evidence cited in support of this assumption has exclusively been observational data, which should not be relied on to identify employer discrimination. In contrast, we investigate whether employers discriminate against women in Sweden—frequently viewed as epitomizing the dual-earner family policy model—using field experiment data. We find no evidence supporting the notion that Swedish employers statistically discriminate against women.

中文翻译：

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在拥有广泛家庭政策的国家，女性是否受到歧视？来自瑞典的“福利国家悖论”之谜

比较家庭政策研究中的一个常见假设是，在具有双职工家庭政策模式的国家，雇主在统计上歧视女性。为支持这一假设而引用的经验证据完全是观察数据，不应依赖这些数据来识别雇主歧视。相比之下，我们使用实地实验数据调查了瑞典的雇主是否歧视女性——通常被视为双职工家庭政策模式的缩影。我们没有发现任何证据支持瑞典雇主在统计上歧视女性的观点。