Numerous environmental justice (EJ) studies demonstrate that U.S. racial and ethnic minorities experience disparate hazard exposures, but we lack knowledge about how the societal distribution of risk varies between hazard types and how neighborhood-level racial residential segregation influences patterns of environmental injustice. We address those limitations by comparatively analyzing disparities in exposures to fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) and ground-level ozone (O₃) across census tracts of the contiguous United States and by elucidating the role of local racial residential segregation in structuring environmental injustices based on minority versus White neighborhood composition. Results indicate divergent societal patterns of exposure to the two pollutants. Tracts with higher PM_2.5 have greater proportions of Hispanic, Black, and Asian and Pacific Islander residents, whereas tracts with increased O₃ have lower proportions of those racialized groups. Additionally, we find that local multigroup racial residential segregation modifies the effect of minority versus White composition on PM_2.5 exposures, such that residents of segregated minority neighborhoods breathe air laden with more PM_2.5, whereas those in segregated White neighborhoods inhale air with less PM_2.5. We find the opposite pattern for O₃. Our comparative EJ perspective illuminates how the association between privileged Whiteness and O₃ pollution is neither unjust nor equalizes the distribution of risk.

大量环境正义 (EJ) 研究表明，美国的少数族裔和少数族裔面临不同的危害暴露，但我们缺乏关于风险的社会分布如何在危害类型之间变化以及社区级别的种族居住隔离如何影响环境不公正模式的知识。我们通过比较分析细颗粒物 (PM _2.5 ) 和地面臭氧 (O ₃) 跨越美国毗邻的人口普查区，并通过阐明当地种族居住隔离在构建基于少数族裔与白人社区构成的环境不公正中的作用。结果表明暴露于两种污染物的不同社会模式。PM _2.5较高的地区西班牙裔、黑人以及亚洲和太平洋岛民居民的比例较高，而 O ₃较高的地区这些种族化群体的比例较低。此外，我们发现当地的多群体种族居住隔离改变了少数族裔与白人成分对 PM _2.5暴露的影响，因此隔离的少数族裔社区的居民呼吸的空气中含有更多的 PM _{2.5，而那些居住在隔离的白人社区的人则吸入 PM 2.5}较少的空气。我们发现 O ₃的相反模式。我们的比较 EJ 观点阐明了特权白度与 O ₃污染之间的关联如何既不公平也不均衡风险分布。