With limited fundamental frequency (F0) cues, cochlear implant (CI) users recognize Mandarin tones using amplitude envelope. This study investigated whether tone recognition training with amplitude envelope enhancement may improve tone recognition and cue weighting with CIs. Three groups of CI-simulation listeners received training using vowels with amplitude envelope modified to resemble F0 contour (enhanced-amplitude-envelope training), training using natural vowels (natural-amplitude-envelope training), and exposure to natural vowels without training, respectively. Tone recognition with natural and enhanced amplitude envelope cues and cue weighting of amplitude envelope and F0 contour were measured in pre-, post-, and retention-tests. It was found that with similar pre-test performance, both training groups had better tone recognition than the no-training group after training. Only enhanced-amplitude-envelope training increased the benefits of amplitude envelope enhancement in the post- and retention-tests than in the pre-test. Neither training paradigm increased the cue weighting of amplitude envelope and F0 contour more than stimulus exposure. Listeners attending more to amplitude envelope in the pre-test tended to have better tone recognition with enhanced amplitude envelope cues before training and improve more in tone recognition after enhanced-amplitude-envelope training. The results suggest that auditory training and speech enhancement may bring maximum benefits to CI users when combined.

中文翻译：

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人工耳蜗模拟的普通话音调识别训练：振幅包络增强和线索加权

由于基频 (F0) 线索有限，人工耳蜗 (CI) 用户使用振幅包络识别普通话音调。本研究调查了使用幅度包络增强的音调识别训练是否可以改善带有 CI 的音调识别和提示加权。三组 CI 模拟听众分别接受使用幅度包络修改为类似于 F0 轮廓的元音训练（增强幅度包络训练）、使用自然元音训练（自然幅度包络训练）和未经训练直接接触自然元音. 在预测试、后测试和保留测试中测量了具有自然和增强幅度包络线索的音调识别以及幅度包络和 F0 轮廓的线索加权。结果发现，具有相似的预测试性能，训练后，两个训练组的语气识别能力均优于未训练组。与前测相比，只有增强幅度包络训练才能在后测试和保持测试中增加幅度包络增强的好处。与刺激暴露相比，这两种训练范式都没有增加幅度包络和 F0 轮廓的提示权重。在预测试中更多地关注幅度包络的听众倾向于在训练前通过增强的幅度包络线索获得更好的音调识别，并在增强幅度包络训练后在音调识别方面提高更多。结果表明，将听觉训练和语音增强结合起来可能会给 CI 用户带来最大的好处。只有增强幅度包络训练在后测试和保持测试中比在前测试中增加了幅度包络增强的好处。与刺激暴露相比，这两种训练范式都没有增加幅度包络和 F0 轮廓的提示权重。在预测试中更多地关注幅度包络的听众倾向于在训练前通过增强的幅度包络线索获得更好的音调识别，并在增强幅度包络训练后在音调识别方面提高更多。结果表明，将听觉训练和语音增强结合起来可能会给 CI 用户带来最大的好处。只有增强幅度包络训练在后测试和保持测试中比在前测试中增加了幅度包络增强的好处。与刺激暴露相比，这两种训练范式都没有增加幅度包络和 F0 轮廓的提示权重。在预测试中更多地关注幅度包络的听众倾向于在训练前通过增强的幅度包络线索获得更好的音调识别，并在增强幅度包络训练后在音调识别方面提高更多。结果表明，将听觉训练和语音增强结合起来可能会给 CI 用户带来最大的好处。在预测试中更多地关注幅度包络的听众倾向于在训练前通过增强的幅度包络线索获得更好的音调识别，并在增强幅度包络训练后在音调识别方面提高更多。结果表明，将听觉训练和语音增强结合起来可能会给 CI 用户带来最大的好处。在预测试中更多地关注幅度包络的听众倾向于在训练前通过增强的幅度包络线索获得更好的音调识别，并在增强幅度包络训练后在音调识别方面提高更多。结果表明，将听觉训练和语音增强结合起来可能会给 CI 用户带来最大的好处。