Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is one of the most popular biomarkers which can be utilized for the diagnosis and control of diabetes in clinical practice. In this study, a sandwich paper-based electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor has been developed using the zirconium metal-organic framework/Fe₃O₄(trimethyl chitosan)/gold nanocluster (Zr-MOF/Fe₃O₄(TMC)/AuNCs) nanocomposite as tracing tag to label anti-HbA1c monoclonal antibody and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as immobilization platform of sensing element. The screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) were constructed and modified by sputtering a thick layer of gold on the paper substrate, followed by electrochemical reduction of aminophenylboronic acid (APBA)–functionalized GO to rGO/APBA, respectively. Different types of surface analysis methods were applied to characterize the Zr-MOF/Fe₃O₄(TMC)/AuNCs nanomaterials fabricated. Finally, antibody-labeled Zr-MOF/Fe₃O₄(TMC)/AuNCs nanocomposites were subjected to HbA1c in the sample and on the paper-based SPE. Quantitative measurement of HbA1c was performed using ECL and cyclic voltammetry (CV) over a potential range of − 0.2 to 1.7 V vs gold reference electrode with a sweep rate of 0.2 V.s⁻¹ in the presence of triethylamine as a co-reactant after sandwiching the HbA1c target between antibody and APBA on the sensing area. This immunosensor demonstrated the desirable assay performance for HbA1c with a wide response range from 2 to 18% and a low detection limit (0.072%). This new strategy provides an effective method for high-performance bioanalysis and opens avenues for the development of high-sensitive and user-friendly device.

糖化血红蛋白 (HbA1c) 是最受欢迎的生物标志物之一，可用于临床实践中诊断和控制糖尿病。在这项研究中，使用锆金属有机骨架/Fe ₃ O ₄（三甲基壳聚糖）/金纳米团簇（Zr-MOF/Fe ₃ O ₄）开发了一种夹心纸基电化学发光（ECL）生物传感器。(TMC)/AuNCs) 纳米复合材料作为示踪标签来标记抗 HbA1c 单克隆抗体和还原氧化石墨烯 (rGO) 作为传感元件的固定平台。丝网印刷电极（SPEs）的构建和修饰是通过在纸基材上溅射一层厚厚的金，然后将氨基苯基硼酸（APBA）功能化的GO分别电化学还原为rGO/APBA。应用不同类型的表面分析方法来表征制造的 Zr-MOF/Fe ₃ O ₄ (TMC)/AuNCs 纳米材料。最后，抗体标记的 Zr-MOF/Fe ₃ O ₄(TMC)/AuNCs 纳米复合材料在样品和纸基 SPE 上经受 HbA1c。HbA1c 的定量测量是使用 ECL 和循环伏安法 (CV) 在 - 0.2 至 1.7 V 的电位范围内与金参比电极以 0.2 Vs ^-1的扫描速率在三乙胺作为共反应物夹在中间后进行的传感区域上抗体和 APBA 之间的 HbA1c 目标。该免疫传感器证明了 HbA1c 的理想检测性能，响应范围为 2% 至 18%，检测限低 (0.072%)。这种新策略为高性能生物分析提供了一种有效的方法，并为开发高灵敏度和用户友好的设备开辟了道路。