Mycobacterium bovis is the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis and also responsible for serious threat to public health. Koumiss is a fermented mare's milk product, used as traditional drink. Here, we explored the effect of koumiss on gut microbiota and the host immune response against M bovis infection. Therefore, mice were treated with koumiss and fresh mare milk for 14 days before M bovis infection and continue for 5 weeks after infection. The results showed a clear change in the intestinal flora of mice treated with koumiss, and the lungs of mice treated with koumiss showed severe edema, inflammatory infiltration, and pulmonary nodules in M bovis-infected mice. Notably, we found that the content of short-chain fatty acids was significantly lower in the koumiss-treated group compared with the control group. However, the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis-related proteins in the lungs of koumiss-treated mice were significantly decreased. Collectively, these findings suggest that koumiss treatment disturb the intestinal flora of, which is associated with disease severity and the possible mechanism that induces lungs pathology. Our current findings can be exploited further to establish the “gut-lung” axis which might be a novel strategy for the control of tuberculosis.

中文翻译：

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Koumiss 通过扰乱肠道菌群和抑制内质网应激促进牛分枝杆菌感染

牛分枝杆菌是牛结核病的病原体，也是对公众健康的严重威胁。Koumiss 是一种发酵的马奶制品，用作传统饮料。在这里，我们探讨了 koumiss 对肠道微生物群和宿主对牛支原体感染的免疫反应的影响。因此，小鼠在牛分枝杆菌感染前用 koumiss 和新鲜马奶治疗 14 天，并在感染后继续治疗 5 周。结果表明：与酸马奶处理的小鼠的肠道菌群的明确的变化，并用马奶酒处理的小鼠的肺中显示出严重的水肿，炎性浸润，肺结节在中号 牛分枝杆菌- 感染小鼠。值得注意的是，我们发现与对照组相比，koumiss 治疗组的短链脂肪酸含量显着降低。然而，koumiss处理小鼠肺中内质网应激和凋亡相关蛋白的表达显着降低。总的来说，这些发现表明 koumiss 治疗扰乱了肠道菌群，这与疾病严重程度和诱发肺部病理的可能机制有关。我们目前的发现可以进一步用于建立“肠-肺”轴，这可能是控制结核病的新策略。