Damage to the skin causes physiological and functional issues. The most effective treatment approach is the use of wound dressings. Silk fibroin (SF) is a promising candidate biomaterial for regulating wound healing; however, its antibacterial properties and biological activity must be further improved. In this study, a photocrosslinking hydrogel was developed to treat full-thickness cutaneous wounds. The composite hydrogel (Ag–AV–SF hydrogel) was prepared by introducing the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and aloe vera (AV) as the modifiers. In vitro study exhibited great antibacterial ability, biocompatibility and cell-proliferation and -migration-promoting capacities. It also showed the pH-response releasing properties which release more AgNPs in a simulated chronic infection environment. The healing effect evaluation in vivo showed the healing-promoting ability of the Ag–AV–SF hydrogel was stronger than the single-modifiers groups, and the healing rate of it reached 97.02% on Day 21, higher than the commercial wound dressing, silver sulfadiazine (SS) cream on sale. Additionally, the histological and protein expression results showed that the Ag–AV–SF hydrogel has a greater effect on the pro-healing regenerative phenotype with M2 macrophages at the early stage, reconstructing the blood vessels networks and inhibiting the formation of scars. In summary, the Ag–AV–SF hydrogel developed in this study had good physical properties, overwhelming antibacterial properties, satisfactory biocompatibility and significantly promoting effect on cell proliferation, migration and wound healing. Overall, our results suggest that the Ag–AV–SF hydrogel we developed has great potential for improving the wound healing in clinical treatment.

中文翻译：

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光交联银纳米粒子-芦荟-丝素蛋白复合水凝胶治疗全层皮肤创面

对皮肤的损害会导致生理和功能问题。最有效的治疗方法是使用伤口敷料。丝素蛋白 (SF) 是一种很有前途的用于调节伤口愈合的候选生物材料；但其抗菌性能和生物活性还需进一步提高。在这项研究中，开发了一种光交联水凝胶来治疗全层皮肤伤口。通过引入银纳米粒子 (AgNPs) 和芦荟 (AV) 作为改性剂制备复合水凝胶 (Ag-AV-SF 水凝胶)。体外研究显示出很强的抗菌能力、生物相容性和细胞增殖和迁移促进能力。它还显示了在模拟慢性感染环境中释放更多 AgNPs 的 pH 响应释放特性。体内愈合效果评价显示，Ag-AV-SF水凝胶促进愈合能力强于单一修饰剂组，第21天愈合率达到97.02%，高于市售伤口敷料银磺胺嘧啶 (SS) 乳膏出售。此外，组织学和蛋白质表达结果表明，Ag-AV-SF 水凝胶对早期 M2 巨噬细胞的促愈合再生表型具有更大的作用，重建血管网络并抑制疤痕的形成。综上所述，本研究开发的Ag-AV-SF水凝胶具有良好的物理性能、压倒性的抗菌性能、良好的生物相容性以及对细胞增殖、迁移和伤口愈合的显着促进作用。全面的，