The basic body plan of the mammalian embryo is established through gastrulation, a pivotal early postimplantation event during which the three major germ layers (endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm) are specified with cellular and spatial diversity. Despite its basic and clinical importance, human embryo development from peri-implantation to gastrulation remains shrouded in mystery. Recent advances in the elongated in vitro culture of rodent and non‐primate embryos and the construction of embryo-like structures have helped to improve understanding of the mechanisms of human early embryonic development. Here, we review the recent advances and possible future directions in the development of in vitro models to better understand human embryogenesis from peri-implantation to gastrulation.

哺乳动物胚胎的基本身体计划是通过原肠胚形成的，这是一个关键的早期植入后事件，在此期间，三个主要胚层（内胚层、外胚层和中胚层）具有细胞和空间多样性。尽管具有基本和临床重要性，人类胚胎从胚胎植入到原肠胚的发育仍然笼罩在神秘之中。啮齿动物和非灵长类胚胎的细长体外培养和胚胎样结构的构建的最新进展有助于提高对人类早期胚胎发育机制的理解。在这里，我们回顾了体外开发的最新进展和可能的未来方向模型，以更好地了解从围着床期到原肠胚形成的人类胚胎发生。