Over the recent decades, the evolution of the European Union (EU) agricultural system has resulted in significant structural changes in member states. Knowledge about the nature and main patterns of structural change is critical to select a sustainable development path for the EU agriculture. This paper contributes to the academic discourse on structural changes in agriculture demonstrating the nexus between socio-economic and environmental aspects of development. In this regard, results are important to understand the contribution of the EU agriculture to climate change, because study deals with energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. The research covers period from 2008 to 2018 and investigates the fundamental structural change measures, namely, gross value added, labour and agriculture-related energy emissions, in EU member states. Structural changes are investigated applying a shift-share analysis that allows calculating a performance of individual member states, compared to the EU economy. The applied shift-share model investigates the situation of individual member states employing three components. The first component tracks the development of the selected measures with the EU economy growth, the second component shows the change due to effect of economic activities and the third shows competitiveness of agriculture in member states. The shift-share analysis empowers ranking member states in accordance with their progress towards the sustainable development. Findings suggest that EU economy faces the outflow of labour from agriculture and this trend is common for most countries. The changes of gross value added and emissions for fuel combustion demonstrate both upward and downward trends. However, research results suggest that new member states often face more fundamental changes.

中文翻译：

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欧盟农业系统结构变化的可持续性棱镜：生产、就业和能源排放之间的关系

近几十年来，欧盟 (EU) 农业体系的演变导致成员国的结构发生了重大变化。了解结构变化的性质和主要模式对于选择欧盟农业的可持续发展路径至关重要。本文有助于关于农业结构变化的学术讨论，展示发展的社会经济和环境方面之间的关系。在这方面，结果对于了解欧盟农业对气候变化的贡献很重要，因为研究涉及能源使用和温室气体排放。该研究涵盖 2008 年至 2018 年期间，调查了欧盟成员国的基本结构变革措施，即总增加值、劳动力和与农业相关的能源排放。结构变化是通过应用转移份额分析来研究的，该分析允许计算单个成员国与欧盟经济相比的表现。应用的轮班份额模型调查了使用三个组件的各个成员国的情况。第一个部分跟踪所选措施随着欧盟经济增长的发展，第二个部分显示了由于经济活动的影响而导致的变化，第三个部分显示了成员国农业的竞争力。转移份额分析根据成员国在可持续发展方面的进展情况赋予排名成员国权力。调查结果表明，欧盟经济面临农业劳动力外流的问题，这种趋势在大多数国家都很普遍。燃料燃烧的总增加值和排放量变化呈现上升和下降趋势。然而，研究结果表明，新成员国往往面临更根本的变化。