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Seasonality and Drivers of Low Flows Across Europe and the United States
Water Resources Research ( IF 5.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-17 , DOI: 10.1029/2019wr026928
Marius G. Floriancic 1, 2 , Wouter R. Berghuijs 2 , Peter Molnar 1 , James W. Kirchner 2, 3
Affiliation  

Low river flows can negatively impact society and the riverine environment. Thus, it is useful to predict their seasonal timing and reveal their main drivers. The typical timing of low flows varies between regions, yet systematic overviews across Europe and the United States are rare. Here, we identify regional patterns of the seasonal timing of annual minimum flows, and the consistency of that timing, across 1860 European and US catchments. Catchments where low flows typically occur during late summer or winter tend to have more consistent low-flow timings. We compare the timing of annual low flows with that of potential climatic drivers. Low flows in 89% of the European and 86% of the US catchments exhibit a statistically significant (p < 0.05) overlap in timing with at least one potential climatic driver. In most catchments, low flows tend to occur during the warm season, reflecting a period of high potential evapotranspiration exceeding precipitation. In the higher elevation European Alps, Scandinavia, the Rocky Mountains, and the Upper Midwest and Plains states, low flows mostly occur during winter as a result of freezing temperatures which inhibit snowmelt. Binomial statistics also enabled us to statistically exclude individual climatic drivers for certain regions. The regional patterns of timings and drivers of low flows across Europe and the contiguous US can inform low-flow management, provide context for the evolution of low flows under climate change, and point to processes that require attention in future low-flow research.

中文翻译:

欧洲和美国低流量的季节性和驱动因素

河流流量低会对社会和河流环境产生负面影响。因此,预测它们的季节性时间并揭示它们的主要驱动因素很有用。低流量的典型时间因地区而异,但欧洲和美国的系统概述很少见。在这里,我们确定了 1860 个欧洲和美国流域的年度最低流量季节性时间的区域模式,以及该时间的一致性。低流量通常发生在夏末或冬季的流域往往具有更一致的低流量时间。我们将年度低流量的时间与潜在气候驱动因素的时间进行比较。89% 的欧洲和 86% 的美国流域的低流量表现出统计显着性 ( p < 0.05) 与至少一个潜在的气候驱动因素在时间上重叠。在大多数流域,低流量往往发生在暖季,这反映了一段潜在蒸散量超过降水量的时期。在海拔较高的欧洲阿尔卑斯山、斯堪的纳维亚半岛、落基山脉以及上中西部和平原各州,由于冰冻温度抑制了融雪,低流量主要发生在冬季。二项式统计还使我们能够在统计上排除某些地区的个别气候驱动因素。欧洲和邻近美国低流量的时间和驱动因素的区域模式可以为低流量管理提供信息,为气候变化下低流量的演变提供背景,并指出需要在未来低流量研究中关注的过程。
更新日期:2021-09-15
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