In this review, we highlight the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 virus and host genomes, reporting the current studies on the sequence analysis of SARS-CoV-2 isolates and host genomes from diverse world populations. The main genetic variants that are present in both the virus and host genomes were particularly focused on the ACE2 and TMPRSS2 genes, and their impact on the patients' susceptibility to the virus infection and severity of the disease. Finally, the interaction of the virus and host non-coding RNAs is described in relation to their regulatory roles in target genes and/or signaling pathways critically associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Altogether, these studies provide a significant contribution to the knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 mechanisms of infection and COVID-19 pathogenesis. The described genetic variants and molecular factors involved in host/virus genome interactions have significantly contributed to defining patient risk groups, beyond those based on patients' age and comorbidities, and they are promising candidates to be potentially targeted in treatment strategies for COVID-19 and other viral infectious diseases.

在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了 SARS-CoV-2 病毒与宿主基因组的相互作用，报告了当前对来自不同世界人群的 SARS-CoV-2 分离株和宿主基因组的序列分析的研究。存在于病毒和宿主基因组中的主要遗传变异特别集中在ACE2和TMPRSS2基因及其对患者对病毒感染的易感性和疾病严重程度的影响。最后，描述了病毒和宿主非编码 RNA 的相互作用，以及它们在与 SARS-CoV-2 感染密切相关的靶基因和/或信号通路中的调节作用。总之，这些研究为了解 SARS-CoV-2 感染机制和 COVID-19 发病机制做出了重大贡献。所描述的宿主/病毒基因组相互作用中涉及的遗传变异和分子因素大大有助于确定患者风险组，而不仅仅是基于患者年龄和合并症的风险组，它们有望成为 COVID-19 和 COVID-19 治疗策略的潜在目标候选者。其他病毒感染性疾病。