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Electrochemistry of redox-active molecules confined within narrow carbon nanotubes
Chemical Society Reviews ( IF 46.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-16 , DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00478f
Jack W Jordan 1 , William J V Townsend 1, 2 , Lee R Johnson 1, 2 , Darren A Walsh 1, 2 , Graham N Newton 1, 2 , Andrei N Khlobystov 3
Affiliation  

Confinement of molecules within nanocontainers can be a powerful tool for controlling the states of guest-molecules, tuning properties of host-nanocontainers and triggering the emergence of synergistic properties within the host–guest systems. Among nanocontainers, single-walled carbon nanotubes – atomically thin cylinders of carbon, with typical diameters below 2 nm and lengths reaching macroscopic dimensions – are ideal hosts for a variety of materials, including inorganic crystals, and organic, inorganic and organometallic molecules. The extremely high aspect ratio of carbon nanotubes is complemented by their functional properties, such as exceptionally high electrical conductivity and thermal, chemical and electrochemical stability, making carbon nanotubes ideal connectors between guest-molecules and macroscopic electrodes. The idea of harnessing nanotubes both as nanocontainers and nanoelectrodes has led to the incorporation of redox-active species entrapped within nanotube cavities where the host-nanotubes may serve as conduits of electrons to/from the guest-molecules, whilst restricting the molecular positions, orientations, and local environment around the redox centres. This review gives a contemporary overview of the status of molecular redox chemistry within ultra-narrow carbon nanotubes (nanotubes with diameters approaching molecular dimensions) highlighting the opportunities, pitfalls, and gaps in understanding of electrochemistry in confinement, including the role of nanotube diameter, size and shape of guest-molecules, type of electrolyte, solvent and other experimental conditions.

中文翻译:

限制在窄碳纳米管内的氧化还原活性分子的电化学

将分子限制在纳米容器内可以成为控制客体分子状态、调整宿主-纳米容器的特性以及触发宿主-客体系统中协同特性出现的有力工具。在纳米容器中,单壁碳纳米管——原子级薄的碳圆柱体,典型直径低于 2 nm,长度达到宏观尺寸——是各种材料的理想宿主,包括无机晶体、有机、无机和有机金属分子。碳纳米管极高的纵横比与其功能特性相辅相成,例如极高的导电性和热、化学和电化学稳定性,使碳纳米管成为客体分子和宏观电极之间的理想连接器。利用纳米管作为纳米容器和纳米电极的想法已经导致将氧化还原活性物质引入纳米管腔内,其中主体纳米管可以作为电子进出客体分子的管道,同时限制分子的位置、方向,以及氧化还原中心周围的当地环境。这篇综述对超窄碳纳米管(直径接近分子尺寸的纳米管)中分子氧化还原化学的现状进行了当代概述,强调了对限制中电化学的理解的机会、陷阱和差距,包括纳米管直径、尺寸的作用和客体分子的形状,电解质的类型,溶剂和其他实验条件。
更新日期:2021-08-16
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