Exposures to perinatal, familial, social, and physical environmental stimuli can have substantial effects on human development. Yet the complex network structure of the environment (i.e., exposome) makes it challenging to investigate. Here, we analyze the exposome using data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (ABCD, N = 11,235, mean age = 10.9, 52% male) and replicate key findings in an age and sex matched sample from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (PNC, N = 4,993). Both these cohorts are large, diverse samples of US adolescents with phenotyping at multiple levels of environmental exposure. In ABCD, applying data-driven iterative factor analyses and bifactor modeling, we reduced dimensionality from n=798 exposures to six exposome subfactors and a general (adverse) exposome factor. These factors revealed quantitative differences among racial and ethnic groups. Exposome factors increased variance explained in mental health by 10-fold (from <4% to >38%), over and above other commonly used sociodemographic factors. The general exposome factor was associated with psychopathology (β=0.28, 95%CI 0.26-0.3) and key health-related outcomes: obesity (OR=1.4, 95%CI 1.3-1.5) and advanced pubertal development (OR=1.3, 95%CI 1.2-1.5). In PNC, using substantially fewer available environmental exposures (n=29), analyses yielded consistent associations of the general exposome factor with psychopathology (β =0.15, 95%CI 0.13-0.17), obesity (OR=1.4, 95%CI 1.3-1.6) and advanced pubertal development (OR=1.3, 95%CI 1-1.6). Findings demonstrate how incorporating the exposome framework can be useful to study the role of environment in human development.

中文翻译：

---

青春期早期的暴露组及其与广泛的心理和身体健康措施的关联

暴露于围产期、家庭、社会和物理环境刺激会对人类发展产生重大影响。然而，环境（即暴露组）的复杂网络结构使得研究具有挑战性。在这里，我们使用来自青少年大脑认知发育研究（ABCD，N = 11,235，平均年龄 = 10.9，52% 男性）的数据分析暴露组，并在来自费城神经发育队列 (PNC, N = 4,993）。这两个队列都是大量不同的美国青少年样本，这些样本在多种环境暴露水平下具有表型。在 ABCD 中，应用数据驱动的迭代因子分析和双因子建模，我们将维度从 n=798 暴露减少到六个暴露子子因素和一个一般（不利）暴露子因素。这些因素揭示了种族和族裔群体之间的数量差异。暴露因素使心理健康解释的方差增加了 10 倍（从 <4% 到 >38%），超过了其他常用的社会人口学因素。一般暴露因子与精神病理学 (β=0.28, 95%CI 0.26-0.3) 和关键健康相关结果相关：肥胖 (OR=1.4, 95%CI 1.3-1.5) 和晚期青春期发育 (OR=1.3, 95 %CI 1.2-1.5)。在 PNC 中，使用显着较少的可用环境暴露 (n=29)，分析得出一般暴露组因素与精神病理学 (β =0.15, 95%CI 0.13-0.17)、肥胖症 (OR=1.4, 95%CI 1.3- 1.6) 和晚期青春期发育 (OR=1.3, 95% CI 1-1.6)。