ABSTRACT

In Spain, (anti-)racism is of scarce relevance to public debates and, when the topic is broached, it has mainly been discussed in relation to non-EU migration. Besides, its historical link with colonialism generally remains unacknowledged. This article analyses the problematisation of ‘race’ and ‘racism’ in this context, as performed by hegemonic stakeholders (i.e. public servants, NGOs, experts) in the fields of anti-discrimination, Roma inclusion and immigrant integration policies. As the fieldwork materials illustrate, this understanding rejects ‘race’ not only from a scientific-biological perspective but also as a social-political category. Accordingly, racism is depoliticised and theorised in a twofold manner: (1) as a matter of stereotypes, prejudices and lack of information about the ‘Other’; (2) as the aggressive acts of explicitly racist individuals/organisations. The structural, historical and institutional dimensions of racism are addressed either as background context, or they are negated by public policies. By not confronting the uneven power relations (re)produced by racism, this approach reaffirms ‘institutional whiteness’ as the underlying perspective of mainstream Spanish anti-racism.

摘要

在西班牙，（反）种族主义与公共辩论几乎没有相关性，当提出这个话题时，主要讨论的是与非欧盟移民有关的问题。此外，它与殖民主义的历史联系通常未被承认。本文分析了在这种背景下“种族”和“种族主义”的问题化，正如在反歧视、罗姆人融合和移民融合政策领域的霸权利益相关者（即公务员、非政府组织、专家）所做的那样。正如田野调查材料所表明的那样，这种理解不仅从科学生物学的角度，而且从社会政治的角度拒绝“种族”。因此，种族主义以双重方式被非政治化和理论化：（1）作为刻板印象、偏见和缺乏关于“他者”的信息；(2) 作为明显的种族主义个人/组织的侵略行为。种族主义的结构、历史和制度层面要么作为背景背景加以处理，要么被公共政策所否定。通过不面对种族主义（重新）产生的不平衡的权力关系，这种方法重申了“制度上的白人”是西班牙主流反种族主义的基本观点。