Low impact development (LID) systems have potential to make urban cities more sustainable and resilient, particularly under challenging climate conditions. To quantify performance capabilities, modeling results for an array of combinations of LIDs are described using PCSWMM at lot-level to examine performance of individual LIDs on volume and peak flow reductions. Among the four LIDs studied: rain barrel (RB), vegetative swale (VS), bioretention cell (BC), and permeable pavement (PP), PP at lot-level demonstrated the best capability for reducing surface runoff volumes and peak runoff rates under historical weather conditions, while BC showed similar capability for reduction of runoff volumes but minimal peak flow reduction. With PP as the controlling method at lot-level, the maximum percentage reduction of runoff volume for a 2-year storm is 58% whereas for a 100-year storm, the runoff volume reduction is 20%. These results mean the extent of flooding that may arise from the 100-year storm is reduced, but not eliminated. Effectively, the 100-year storm volumes with LID are devolved to have flooding equivalent to a 25-year storm. Under climate change scenarios, performance for all LIDs declined at various levels, where BC was the most resilient LID for a climate change scenario, such that projected 2-year or 5-year storms with climate change will have its impact devolved with LID in place, to result in similar volumes and peaks without LID under historical conditions. Furthermore, even with an assembly of lot-level LIDs distributed throughout the community, there is not attenuation to substantial degrees of flooding for major events, but there can be effective control for water quantity for small (2- to 5-years in particular) storm events.

低影响开发 (LID) 系统具有使城市更具可持续性和弹性的潜力，尤其是在具有挑战性的气候条件下。为了量化性能能力，使用 PCSWMM 在批次级别描述了一系列 LID 组合的建模结果，以检查单个 LID 在体积和峰值流量减少方面的性能。在研究的四个 LID 中：雨桶 (RB)、植物洼地 (VS)、生物滞留单元 (BC) 和透水路面 (PP)，批次级别的 PP 在历史天气条件，而 BC 显示出类似的径流减少能力，但峰值流量减少最小。以 PP 作为批次级控制方法，对于 2 年一遇的暴雨，径流体积的最大减少百分比为 58%，而对于 100 年一遇的暴雨，径流体积减少的最大百分比为 20%。这些结果意味着可能由 100 年一遇的风暴引起的洪水范围有所减少，但并未消除。实际上，具有 LID 的 100 年风暴量被转移到相当于 25 年风暴的洪水。在气候变化情景下，所有 LID 的性能都出现了不同程度的下降，其中 BC 是气候变化情景中最具弹性的 LID，因此预测的 2 年或 5 年气候变化风暴将在 LID 到位的情况下产生影响，以在历史条件下产生相似的体积和峰值而无需 LID。此外，即使有分布在整个社区的批次级 LID，