Outlaws have been formidable local authorities throughout history and some of their stories survived thanks to poems, ballads, and plays within a culture deeply colored by violence, avenge, injustice, punishment, and state response against them. I underscore the role of power relationship in society to examine the emergence of outlaws and utilize it to deconstruct the social, political, and cultural conundrum. Consulting the British, Mexican, Bulgarian, U.S., Ottoman, and Brazilian archives, I attempt to theorize the activities of bandits, brigands, and militants within the global history of social dissent. I argue that if we employ social dissent as an instrumental concept, we can effectively determine both local factors and uncover global connections that explicate why various outlaws and societal reactions against them demonstrate astonishing similarities in distant geographies and different time periods. This study contributes to our knowledge in the historical sociology of outlaws by offering new theoretical ventures and highlighting methodological challenges in studying outlaws within the conundrum of crime, conflict, and violence.

中文翻译：

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社会异议的全球史：在犯罪、冲突和暴力的难题中解构不法之徒

纵观历史，亡命之徒一直是强大的地方当局，他们的一些故事在充满暴力、复仇、不公正、惩罚和国家对他们的反应的文化中幸存下来，这要归功于诗歌、民谣和戏剧。我强调权力关系在社会中的作用，以检查不法之徒的出现并利用它来解构社会、政治和文化难题。通过查阅英国、墨西哥、保加利亚、美国、奥斯曼帝国和巴西的档案，我试图将土匪、强盗和武装分子在全球社会异议历史中的活动理论化。我认为，如果我们将社会异议用作工具性概念，我们可以有效地确定本地因素并揭示全球联系，这些联系解释了为什么各种不法分子和社会对他们的反应在遥远的地理区域和不同的时间段表现出惊人的相似性。本研究通过提供新的理论冒险和强调在犯罪、冲突和暴力难题中研究不法之徒的方法论挑战，有助于我们了解不法之徒的历史社会学。