Objective

We examined the impact of simulated Tokyo 2020 environmental condition on exercise performance, thermoregulatory responses and thermal perception among Dutch elite athletes.

Methods

105 elite athletes from different sport disciplines performed two exercise tests in simulated control (15.9 ± 1.2 °C, relative humidity (RH) 55 ± 6%) and Tokyo (31.6 ± 1.0 °C, RH 74 ± 5%) environmental conditions. Exercise tests consisted of a 20-min warm-up (70% HR_max), followed by an incremental phase until volitional exhaustion (5% workload increase every 3 min). Gastrointestinal temperature (T_gi), heart rate, exercise performance and thermal perception were measured.

Results

Time to exhaustion was 16 ± 8 min shorter in the Tokyo versus the control condition (− 26 ± 11%, whereas peak power output decreased with 0.5 ± 0.3 W/kg (16 ± 7%). Greater exercise-induced increases in T_gi (1.8 ± 0.6 °C vs. 1.5 ± 0.5 °C, p < 0.001) and higher peak T_gi (38.9 ± 0.6 °C vs. 38.7 ± 0.4 °C, p < 0.001) were found in the Tokyo versus control condition. Large interindividual variations in exercise-induced increase in T_gi (range 0.7–3.5 °C) and peak T_gi (range 37.6–40.4 °C) were found in the Tokyo condition, with greater T_gi responses in endurance versus mixed- and skill-trained athletes. Peak thermal sensation and thermal comfort scores deteriorated in the Tokyo condition, with aggravated responses for power versus endurance- and mixed-trained athletes.

Conclusion

Large performance losses and T_gi increases were found among elite athletes exercising in simulated Tokyo conditions, with a substantial interindividual variation and significantly different responses across sport disciplines. These findings highlight the importance of an individual approach to optimally prepare athletes for safe and maximal exercise performance during the Tokyo Olympics.

中文翻译：

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精英运动员在高温下的运动表现和体温调节反应：Thermo Tokyo 研究的结果

客观的

我们研究了模拟东京 2020 环境条件对荷兰精英运动员的运动表现、体温调节反应和热感知的影响。

方法

来自不同运动学科的 105 名精英运动员在模拟控制（15.9 ± 1.2 °C，相对湿度 (RH) 55 ± 6%）和东京（31.6 ± 1.0 °C，RH 74 ± 5%）环境条件下进行了两项运动测试。运动测试包括 20 分钟的热身（_最大心率 70% ），然后是一个增量阶段，直到意志力衰竭（每 3 分钟增加 5% 的工作量）。测量胃肠温度（T _gi）、心率、运动表现和热知觉。

结果

与对照条件相比，东京的疲惫时间缩短了 16 ± 8 分钟（- 26 ± 11%，而峰值功率输出下降了 0.5 ± 0.3 W/kg (16 ± 7%)。运动引起的T _gi增加幅度更大(1.8 ± 0.6 °C vs. 1.5 ± 0.5 °C, p  < 0.001) 和更高的峰值T _gi (38.9 ± 0.6 °C vs. 38.7 ± 0.4 °C, p  < 0.001) 在东京与对照条件相比。在东京条件下，发现运动引起的T _gi（范围 0.7-3.5 °C）和峰值T _{gi （范围 37.6-40.4 °C）增加的个体间差异很大，} T _gi更大耐力与混合和技能训练运动员的反应。在东京条件下，峰值热感觉和热舒适度得分恶化，对力量与耐力和混合训练的运动员的反应加剧。

结论

在模拟东京条件下锻炼的精英运动员中发现了大量的表现损失和T _{gi增加，个体间差异很大，并且跨运动学科的反应显着不同。}这些发现强调了个人方法的重要性，以使运动员在东京奥运会期间为安全和最大的运动表现做好最佳准备。