Fiber-based supercapacitors (FSCs) that display small volume, robust weavability, high power density, and long-term stability, have urgently become the indispensable power supplies in smart wearable industries. Graphene fiber is regarded as an ideal FSCs electrode due to its remarkable natures of anisotropic framework, adjustable layer spacing, porous structures, large specific-surface-area, processable electroactivity, and high electronical and mechanical properties. This review, mainly focuses on the graphene fiber-based supercapacitors (GFSCs), with respect to fiber preparation, micro-nanostructure modulation, supercapacitor construction, performance optimization, and wearable applications. Various fiber fabrication strategies, including wet-spinning, dry-spinning, film conversion, confined hydrothermal self-assembly, and microfluidic-spinning are presented for fiber's structure manipulation and large-scale production. Advanced nanostructures and electroactivity with various building principles, such as oriented alignment, porous network, hierarchical, and heterogeneous skeleton, engineered active-sites, and mechanical regulation are discussed for boosting charge transfer, and ionic kinetic diffusion and storage. Especially, the optimizing approaches for regular unit alignment, enhanced interlayer interactions, modulated structural nano-architecture are presented to deliver high capacitance and energy density. Moreover, the flexibility and stretchability of graphene fiber, together with wearable applications of power supply are highlighted. Finally, a short summary, current challenges and future perspectives for designing high energy density GFSCs are proposed.

中文翻译：

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基于石墨烯纤维的可穿戴超级电容器：设计、构造和应用的最新进展

纤维基超级电容器（FSCs）具有体积小、可编织性强、功率密度高、长期稳定性好等特点，已成为智能穿戴行业不可缺少的电源。石墨烯纤维具有各向异性骨架、层间距可调、多孔结构、比表面积大、可加工的电活性以及高电子和机械性能等显着特性，被认为是理想的 FSCs 电极。本综述主要关注基于石墨烯纤维的超级电容器（GFSCs），涉及纤维制备、微纳米结构调制、超级电容器构建、性能优化和可穿戴应用。各种纤维制造策略，包括湿纺、干纺、薄膜转化、受限水热自组装、提出了用于纤维结构操纵和大规模生产的微流体纺丝技术。讨论了具有各种构建原理的先进纳米结构和电活性，例如定向排列、多孔网络、分层和异质骨架、工程活性位点和机械调节，以促进电荷转移以及离子动力学扩散和存储。特别是，提出了规则单元排列、增强层间相互作用、调制结构纳米结构的优化方法，以提供高电容和能量密度。此外，石墨烯纤维的柔韧性和可拉伸性以及电源的可穿戴应用也得到了强调。最后，做一个简短的总结，