The classical generalized formulations for nonlinear viscoelastic behaviour do not represent the state of the art of modeling elastomeric materials and significant effects observed on polyurethane elastomers are not accurately predicted such as the loss of stiffness and the presence of residual strain by the Mullins effect. In this context, the present work proposes a model building strategy for visco-hyperelastic materials with Mullins effect merging a phenomenological approach with a macromolecular one. Polyurethane elastomers are modelled as a composite material consisting of crystalline and flexible phases. The dissipative effects observed in the viscoelastic behaviour are then related to the reorganization of the microstructural crystalline domain during the deformation process. Adding a softening parameter to the viscous strain rate predicted by Bergstrom-Boyce viscoelastic model led to more accurate predictions when describing the mechanical behaviour of these materials. The proposed model strategy is assessed based on measured data obtained from Polyurethane elastomers of different hardness under monotonic tensile tests and cyclic tensile tests. The model built with the proposed approach provided predictions closer to measured data than the predictions provided by the model solely based on phenomenological aspects for the analyzed cases.

非线性粘弹性行为的经典广义公式并不代表对弹性材料建模的最新技术，并且未准确预测在聚氨酯弹性体上观察到的显着影响，例如刚度损失和穆林斯效应导致的残余应变的存在。在这种情况下，本工作提出了一种具有穆林斯效应的粘超弹性材料的模型构建策略，将现象学方法与大分子方法相结合。聚氨酯弹性体被建模为由结晶相和柔性相组成的复合材料。在粘弹性行为中观察到的耗散效应与变形过程中微观结构结晶域的重组有关。在描述这些材料的机械行为时，将软化参数添加到由 Bergstrom-Boyce 粘弹性模型预测的粘性应变率可以得到更准确的预测。所提出的模型策略是基于在单调拉伸试验和循环拉伸试验下从不同硬度的聚氨酯弹性体获得的测量数据进行评估的。与仅基于分析案例的现象学方面的模型提供的预测相比，使用所提出的方法构建的模型提供的预测更接近测量数据。所提出的模型策略是基于在单调拉伸试验和循环拉伸试验下从不同硬度的聚氨酯弹性体获得的测量数据进行评估的。与仅基于分析案例的现象学方面的模型提供的预测相比，使用所提出的方法构建的模型提供的预测更接近测量数据。所提出的模型策略是基于在单调拉伸试验和循环拉伸试验下从不同硬度的聚氨酯弹性体获得的测量数据进行评估的。与仅基于分析案例的现象学方面的模型提供的预测相比，使用所提出的方法构建的模型提供的预测更接近测量数据。