Lentinula edodes, a commercially important mushroom, is cultivated worldwide. Artificially cultivated L. edodes often present with abnormal symptoms in the fruiting body, which affect their commercial value and reduce production efficiency. In this study, we carried out a comparative transcriptome analysis of normal fruiting body pileus (LeNP), normal margin in abnormal fruiting body pileus (LeAPNM), and abnormal margin in abnormal fruiting body pileus (LeAPAM). Metabolic pathways such as those involved in transmembrane transport, ribosome production, tryptophan metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, and the metabolism of other amino acids were significantly enriched in LeAPAM. F-box, short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases, the major facilitator superfamily, and the FMN_red superfamily are related to malformation in L. edodes. Genes encoding heat shock proteins, G protein, and β-1,3-glucanase in the GH5 family showed different expression patterns, suggesting that these genes are involved in the development of L. edodes fruiting bodies. In particular, CAZymes, which are involved in the development of cell walls in L. edodes, were highly expressed in LeAPAM. According to TEM observation, the cell wall of LeAPAM samples showed significant thickening compared to the other samples. These results suggested that cell wall anabolism in LeAPAM samples was more active than that in normal fruiting bodies, enhancing the environmental adaptability of the fungus. This study provides preliminary data for future research aimed at solving the phenomenon of abnormal fruiting bodies of L. edodes.

香菇是一种重要的商业蘑菇，在世界范围内均有种植。人工栽培的香菇子实体常出现异常症状，影响其商业价值，降低生产效率。在本研究中，我们对正常子实体菌盖（LeNP）、异常子实体菌盖正常边缘（LeAPNM）和异常子实体菌盖异常边缘（LeAPAM）进行了比较转录组分析。LeAPAM显着富集了涉及跨膜转运、核糖体产生、色氨酸代谢、精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢以及其他氨基酸代谢的代谢途径。F-box、短链脱氢酶/还原酶、主要促进子超家族和 FMN_red 超家族与L. edodes 的畸形有关. GH5家族中编码热休克蛋白、G蛋白和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶的基因表现出不同的表达模式，表明这些基因参与了香菇子实体的发育。特别是，参与香菇细胞壁发育的CAZymes在 LeAPAM 中高度表达。根据 TEM 观察，与其他样品相比，LeAPAM 样品的细胞壁显示出明显的增厚。这些结果表明，LeAPAM样品中的细胞壁合成代谢比正常子实体更活跃，增强了真菌的环境适应性。本研究为今后解决香菇子实体异常现象的研究提供了初步数据。