Sleep is vital for the maintenance of synaptic plasticity. During sleep, synaptic weights are globally renormalized and downscaled to compensate for the net synaptic growth that occurred during wakefulness [1, 2]. This is thought to keep synaptic growth at bay, to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of neural activity, to reduce energy consumption in the brain, and, most importantly, to reestablish learning capabilities by creating new space for synaptic potentiation on the next day. Synaptic renormalization might critically depend on specific features and mechanisms that are unique to sleep, such as the altered neurochemical milieu, changes in neuronal firing patterns, shifts in functional connectivity, and the profound disconnection from the outside world. Other functions typically attributed to sleep, such as memory consolidation or metabolic clearance [3, 4], might be more opportunistic in that they can also occur during wakefulness (e.g. [5]), but operate best during sleep.

中文翻译：

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睡觉学习

睡眠对于维持突触可塑性至关重要。在睡眠期间，突触权重被全局重新正常化和缩小，以补偿清醒期间发生的净突触增长 [1, 2]。这被认为可以抑制突触生长，提高神经活动的信噪比，减少大脑的能量消耗，最重要的是，通过为下一个突触增强创造新的空间来重建学习能力。日。突触重整化可能严重依赖于睡眠特有的特定特征和机制，例如神经化学环境的改变、神经元放电模式的变化、功能连接的变化以及与外部世界的严重脱节。其他通常归因于睡眠的功能，