Beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP)-based bioinks were developed to support direct-ink 3D printing-based manufacturing of macroporous scaffolds. Binding of the gelatin:β-TCP ink compositions was optimized by adding carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) to maximize the β-TCP content while maintaining printability. Post-sintering, the gelatin:β-TCP:CMC inks resulted in uniform grain size, uniform shrinkage of the printed structure, and included microporosity within the ceramic. The mechanical properties of the inks improved with increasing β-TCP content. The gelatin:β-TCP:CMC ink (25:75 gelatin:β-TCP and 3% CMC) optimized for mechanical strength was used to 3D print several architectures of macroporous scaffolds by varying the print nozzle tip diameter and pore spacing during the 3D printing process (compressive strength of 13.1 ± 2.51 MPa and elastic modulus of 696 ± 108 MPa was achieved). The sintered, macroporous β-TCP scaffolds demonstrated both high porosity and pore size but retained mechanical strength and stiffness compared to macroporous, calcium phosphate ceramic scaffolds manufactured using alternative methods. The high interconnected porosity (45–60%) and fluid conductance (between 1.04 ×10⁻⁹ and 2.27 × 10⁻⁹ m⁴s/kg) of the β-TCP scaffolds tested, and the ability to finely tune the architecture using 3D printing, resulted in the development of novel bioink formulations and made available a versatile manufacturing process with broad applicability in producing substrates suitable for biomedical applications.

开发了基于 β-磷酸三钙 (β-TCP) 的生物墨水，以支持基于直接墨水 3D 打印的大孔支架制造。通过添加羧甲基纤维素 (CMC) 优化明胶：β-TCP 油墨组合物的结合，以最大限度地提高 β-TCP 含量，同时保持可印刷性。烧结后，明胶：β-TCP：CMC 油墨导致均匀的晶粒尺寸、印刷结构的均匀收缩，并在陶瓷中包含微孔。油墨的机械性能随着 β-TCP 含量的增加而提高。明胶：β-TCP：CMC 墨水（25:75 明胶：β-TCP 和 3% CMC）针对机械强度进行了优化，通过在 3D 过程中改变打印喷嘴尖端直径和孔间距，用于 3D 打印几种大孔支架结构印刷工艺（抗压强度13.1±2. 51 MPa 和 696 ± 108 MPa 的弹性模量）。与使用替代方法制造的大孔磷酸钙陶瓷支架相比，烧结的大孔 β-TCP 支架表现出高孔隙率和孔径，但保留了机械强度和刚度。高连通孔隙率 (45–60%) 和流体传导率 (1.04 ×10^-9和 2.27 × 10 ^-9  m ⁴ s/kg) 测试的 β-TCP 支架，以及使用 3D 打印微调架构的能力，导致了新型生物墨水配方的开发，并提供了一种通用的制造工艺在生产适用于生物医学应用的基材方面具有广泛的适用性。