Much attention has been paid to immune checkpoint inhibitors to various cancer treatments. In urothelial cancer, pembrolizumab was initially approved for patients who either recurred or progressed following platinum-based chemotherapy. For the platinum-fit population, although the standard first-line treatment is still platinum-based systemic chemotherapy, avelumab has been recently approved as a maintenance therapy for patients who have not had disease progression with four to six cycles of first-line chemotherapy. In addition, adjuvant nivolumab has just prolonged disease-free survival (DFS) by ~10 months, compared with placebo in patients with muscle-invasive bladder urothelial cancer or upper tract urothelial cancer at high-risk of recurrence after radical surgical resection.

中文翻译：

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尿路上皮癌和肾癌免疫治疗的现状和未来展望

免疫检查点抑制剂在各种癌症治疗中备受关注。在尿路上皮癌中，pembrolizumab 最初被批准用于铂类化疗后复发或进展的患者。对于适合铂类的人群，虽然标准的一线治疗仍然是以铂类为基础的全身化疗，但 avelumab 最近已被批准作为一线化疗四到六个周期未出现疾病进展的患者的维持治疗。此外，与安慰剂相比，在根治性手术切除后具有高复发风险的肌肉浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌或上尿路尿路上皮癌患者中，辅助纳武单抗仅将无病生存期 (DFS) 延长了约 10 个月。