Neuroinflammation is one of the host defensive mechanisms through which the nervous system protects itself from pathogenic and or infectious insults. Moreover, neuroinflammation occurs as one of the most common pathological outcomes in various neurological disorders, makes it the promising target. The present review focuses on elaborating the recent advancement in understanding molecular mechanisms of neuroinflammation and its role in the etiopathogenesis of various neurological disorders, especially Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and Epilepsy. Furthermore, the current status of anti-inflammatory agents in neurological diseases has been summarized in light of different preclinical and clinical studies. Finally, possible limitations and future directions for the effective use of anti-inflammatory agents in neurological disorders have been discussed.

神经炎症是宿主防御机制之一，神经系统通过它保护自己免受病原体和/或感染性损伤。此外，神经炎症是各种神经系统疾病中最常见的病理结果之一，使其成为有希望的目标。本综述重点阐述了在理解神经炎症的分子机制及其在各种神经系统疾病，特别是阿尔茨海默病 (AD)、帕金森病 (PD) 和癫痫的发病机制中的作用方面的最新进展。此外，根据不同的临床前和临床研究，总结了抗炎药在神经系统疾病中的现状。最后，