Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) usually results in restricted behaviour recovery and even life-changing paralysis, accompanied with numerous complications. Pathologically, the initial injuries trigger a series of secondary injuries, leading to an expansion of lesion site, a mass of neuron loss, and eventual failure of endogenous axon regeneration. As the advances rapidly spring up in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering biomaterials, regulation of these secondary injuries becomes possible, shedding a light on normal functional restoration. The successful tissue regeneration lies in proper regulation of the inflammatory microenvironment, including the inflammatory immune cells and inflammatory factors that lead to oxidative stress, inhibitory glial scar and neuroexcitatory toxicity. Specifically, the approaches based on microenvironment-regulating biomaterials have shown great promise in the repair and regeneration of SCI. In this review, the pathological inflammatory microenvironments of SCI are discussed, followed by the introduction of microenvironment-regulating biomaterials in terms of their impressive therapeutic effect in attenuation of secondary inflammation and promotion of axon regrowth. With the emphasis on regulating secondary events, the biomaterials for SCI treatment will become promising for clinical applications.

创伤性脊髓损伤 (SCI) 通常会导致行为恢复受限，甚至导致改变生活的瘫痪，并伴有许多并发症。病理上，最初的损伤会引发一系列继发性损伤，导致病变部位扩大，大量神经元丢失，最终导致内源性轴突再生失败。随着再生医学和组织工程生物材料的迅速发展，对这些继发性损伤的调节成为可能，为正常的功能恢复提供了启示。成功的组织再生取决于炎症微环境的适当调节，包括导致氧化应激、抑制性胶质瘢痕和神经兴奋性毒性的炎症免疫细胞和炎症因子。具体来说，基于微环境调节生物材料的方法在SCI的修复和再生中显示出巨大的前景。在这篇综述中，讨论了 SCI 的病理性炎症微环境，然后介绍了微环境调节生物材料在减轻继发性炎症和促进轴突再生方面的显着治疗效果。随着对调节继发事件的重视，用于SCI治疗的生物材料将在临床应用中大有希望。其次是微环境调节生物材料的引入，它们在减轻继发性炎症和促进轴突再生方面具有令人印象深刻的治疗效果。随着对调节继发事件的重视，用于SCI治疗的生物材料将在临床应用中大有希望。其次是微环境调节生物材料的引入，它们在减轻继发性炎症和促进轴突再生方面具有令人印象深刻的治疗效果。随着对调节继发事件的重视，用于SCI治疗的生物材料将在临床应用中大有希望。