Few-layer black phosphorus (FLBP) nanosheets feature high charge storage capacity, large surface area, considerable mechanical flexibility, high carrier mobility and adjustable intrinsic band gap, allowing wide applications in electrochemical storage and conversion. This article presents a review on the preparation of FLBP materials and their applications in rechargeable batteries, including alkali metal batteries. Top-down and bottom-up synthetic strategies of FLBP are overviewed with examples of mechanical, liquid-phase and electrochemical exfoliation routes and chemical vapour and pulsed laser deposition. The electrochemical properties, structure-performance relationship and electrode mechanisms of FLBP are demonstrated as anode materials for storage of lithium, sodium and potassium ions. Issues including huge volume expansion and structural instability are discussed, along with solving strategies such as composing with nanostructured carbon, MXene, conductive polymer and transition metal oxides. Furthermore, the remaining challenges and future perspectives for the electrochemical use of FLBP are highlighted.

少层黑磷（FLBP）纳米片具有高电荷存储容量、大表面积、相当大的机械柔韧性、高载流子迁移率和可调节的本征带隙，在电化学存储和转换中具有广泛的应用。本文综述了FLBP材料的制备及其在可充电电池（包括碱金属电池）中的应用。FLBP 的自上而下和自下而上的合成策略通过机械、液相和电化学剥离路线以及化学气相和脉冲激光沉积的示例进行了概述。FLBP 的电化学性能、结构-性能关系和电极机制被证明作为存储锂、钠和钾离子的负极材料。讨论了包括巨大体积膨胀和结构不稳定性在内的问题，以及解决策略，例如与纳米结构碳、MXene、导电聚合物和过渡金属氧化物组合。此外，还强调了 FLBP 电化学使用的剩余挑战和未来前景。