We report on the direct generation of optical vortex lattice (OVL) modes from a diode-pumped Pr³⁺:LiYF₄ (Pr:YLF) laser achieved by employing off-axis (transverse) and defocused (longitudinal) pumping geometries in the laser medium. OVL modes with more than 40 phase singularities are generated. The experimentally observed OVL modes are well supported by a theoretical analysis based on the superposition of Hermite-Gaussian modes. We also discuss the intracavity frequency doubling of the OVL modes. The proposed OVL mode laser system can be applied to fundamental optical science and advanced material engineering.

中文翻译：

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二极管泵浦 Pr3+:LiYF4 激光器产生的光学涡旋晶格模式

我们报告了通过在激光器中采用离轴（横向）和散焦（纵向）泵浦几何结构实现的二极管泵浦 Pr ³⁺ :LiYF ₄ (Pr:YLF) 激光器直接生成光学涡旋晶格 (OVL) 模式中等的。生成具有超过 40 个相位奇点的 OVL 模式。基于 Hermite-Gaussian 模式叠加的理论分析很好地支持了实验观察到的 OVL 模式。我们还讨论了 OVL 模式的腔内倍频。所提出的 OVL 模式激光系统可应用于基础光学科学和先进材料工程。