Modern approaches to increasing the efficiency of solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) based on electrolytic membranes with mixed conductivity are considered. These approaches are based on material-science concepts (expansion of the electrolytic domain boundary due to the doping of basic oxides and development of various composite materials) and various technological solutions (application of electron-blocking layers on the anode and cathode sides, rational selection of the electrolyte thickness, and optimization of the electrolyte and electrode structures by synthesizing heterostructures). The methods of mathematical modelling of devices with an electrolytic membrane having mixed conductivity are analyzed in order to determine the most efficient design and optimal operation conditions for SOFCs. The application of nanocomposite electrolytes with a core – shell structure and salt composites is considered. Data on new design solutions — single-layer and single-chamber SOFCs — are presented. The prospects of the proposed approaches are evaluated.

The bibliography includes 384 references.

考虑了提高基于混合电导率电解膜的固体氧化物燃料电池 (SOFC) 效率的现代方法。这些方法基于材料科学概念（由于掺杂碱性氧化物和开发各种复合材料而扩大电解畴边界）和各种技术解决方案（在阳极和阴极侧应用电子阻挡层，合理选择电解质厚度的变化，以及通过合成异质结构优化电解质和电极结构）。分析了具有混合电导率电解膜的装置的数学建模方法，以确定 SOFC 的最有效设计和最佳操作条件。考虑了具有核壳结构和盐复合材料的纳米复合电解质的应用。介绍了新设计解决方案——单层和单室 SOFCs——的数据。对所提议方法的前景进行了评估。

参考书目包括 384 篇参考文献。