Health monitoring of structures and people requires the integration of sensors and devices on various 3D curvilinear, hierarchically structured, and even dynamically changing surfaces. Therefore, it is highly desirable to explore conformal manufacturing techniques to fabricate and integrate soft deformable devices on complex 3D curvilinear surfaces. Although planar fabrication methods are not directly suitable to manufacture conformal devices on 3D curvilinear surfaces, they can be combined with stretchable structures and the use of transfer printing or assembly methods to enable the device integration on 3D surfaces. Combined with functional nanomaterials, various direct printing and writing methods have also been developed to fabricate conformal electronics on curved surfaces with intimate contact even over a large area. After a brief summary of the recent advancement of the recent conformal manufacturing techniques, we also discuss the challenges and potential opportunities for future development in this burgeoning field of conformal electronics on complex 3D surfaces.

结构和人员的健康监测需要在各种 3D 曲线、分层结构甚至动态变化的表面上集成传感器和设备。因此，非常需要探索保形制造技术，以在复杂的 3D 曲线表面上制造和集成软可变形设备。虽然平面制造方法并不直接适用于在 3D 曲线表面上制造共形器件，但它们可以与可拉伸结构相结合，并使用转移印刷或组装方法来实现在 3D 表面上的器件集成。结合功能性纳米材料，还开发了各种直接印刷和书写方法，以在曲面上制造共形电子器件，即使在大面积上也能紧密接触。