Nuclear energy is a low-carbon, safe, efficient, and sustainable clean energy. The new generation of nuclear energy systems operate in harsher environments under higher working temperatures and irradiation doses, while traditional nuclear power materials cannot meet the requirements. The development of high-performance nuclear power materials is a key factor for promoting the development of nuclear energy. Oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) steel contains a high number density of dispersed nano-oxides and defect sinks and exhibits excellent high temperature creep performance and irradiation swelling resistance. Therefore, ODS steel has been considered as one of the most promising candidate materials for fourth-generation nuclear fission reactor cladding tubes and nuclear fusion reactor blankets. The preparation process significantly influences microstructure of ODS steel. This paper reviews the development and perspective of several preparation processes of ODS steel, including the powder metallurgy process, improved powder metallurgy process, liquid metal forming process, hybrid process, and additive forging. This paper also summarizes and analyzes the relationship between microstructures and the preparation process. After comprehensive consideration, the powder metallurgy process is still the best preparation process for ODS steel. Combining the advantages and disadvantages of the above preparation processes, the trend applied additive forging for extreme manufacturing of large ODS steel components is discussed with the goal of providing a reference for the application and development of ODS steel in nuclear energy.

核能是一种低碳、安全、高效、可持续的清洁能源。新一代核能系统在更高的工作温度和辐照剂量下运行在更恶劣的环境中，而传统的核电材料无法满足要求。发展高性能核电材料是推动核能发展的关键因素。氧化物弥散强化 (ODS) 钢含有高数量密度的分散纳米氧化物和缺陷汇，并具有优异的高温蠕变性能和抗辐照膨胀性能。因此，ODS钢被认为是第四代核裂变反应堆包壳管和核聚变反应堆毯最有前途的候选材料之一。制备工艺对ODS钢的显微组织有显着影响。本文综述了粉末冶金工艺、改进粉末冶金工艺、液态金属成形工艺、混合工艺和增材锻造等几种ODS钢制备工艺的发展和前景。本文还对微观结构与制备工艺的关系进行了总结和分析。综合考虑，粉末冶金工艺仍是ODS钢的最佳制备工艺。结合上述制备工艺的优缺点，探讨了增材锻造应用于大型ODS钢构件极限制造的趋势，旨在为ODS钢在核能领域的应用和发展提供参考。