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Structural and mechanistic insights into the Artemis endonuclease and strategies for its inhibition
Nucleic Acids Research ( IF 14.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-12 , DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab693
Yuliana Yosaatmadja 1 , Hannah T Baddock 2 , Joseph A Newman 1 , Marcin Bielinski 3 , Angeline E Gavard 1 , Shubhashish M M Mukhopadhyay 1 , Adam A Dannerfjord 1 , Christopher J Schofield 3 , Peter J McHugh 2 , Opher Gileadi 1
Affiliation  

Artemis (SNM1C/DCLRE1C) is an endonuclease that plays a key role in development of B- and T-lymphocytes and in dsDNA break repair by non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ). Artemis is phosphorylated by DNA-PKcs and acts to open DNA hairpin intermediates generated during V(D)J and class-switch recombination. Artemis deficiency leads to congenital radiosensitive severe acquired immune deficiency (RS-SCID). Artemis belongs to a superfamily of nucleases containing metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) and β-CASP (CPSF-Artemis-SNM1-Pso2) domains. We present crystal structures of the catalytic domain of wildtype and variant forms of Artemis, including one causing RS-SCID Omenn syndrome. The catalytic domain of the Artemis has similar endonuclease activity to the phosphorylated full-length protein. Our structures help explain the predominantly endonucleolytic activity of Artemis, which contrasts with the predominantly exonuclease activity of the closely related SNM1A and SNM1B MBL fold nucleases. The structures reveal a second metal binding site in its β-CASP domain unique to Artemis, which is amenable to inhibition by compounds including ebselen. By combining our structural data with that from a recently reported Artemis structure, we were able model the interaction of Artemis with DNA substrates. The structures, including one of Artemis with the cephalosporin ceftriaxone, will help enable the rational development of selective SNM1 nuclease inhibitors.

中文翻译:

对 Artemis 核酸内切酶及其抑制策略的结构和机制见解

Artemis (SNM1C/DCLRE1C) 是一种核酸内切酶,在 B 和 T 淋巴细胞的发育以及通过非同源末端连接 (NHEJ) 进行的 dsDNA 断裂修复中起关键作用。Artemis 被 DNA-PKcs 磷酸化并作用于打开 V(D)J 和类转换重组过程中产生的 DNA 发夹中间体。Artemis 缺乏会导致先天性放射敏感性严重获得性免疫缺陷 (RS-SCID)。Artemis 属于包含金属-β-内酰胺酶 (MBL) 和 β-CASP (CPSF-Artemis-SNM1-Pso2) 结构域的核酸酶超家族。我们展示了 Artemis 的野生型和变体形式的催化结构域的晶体结构,包括一种导致 RS-SCID Omenn 综合征的结构。Artemis 的催化结构域与磷酸化的全长蛋白具有相似的核酸内切酶活性。我们的结构有助于解释 Artemis 的主要核酸内切活性,这与密切相关的 SNM1A 和 SNM1B MBL 折叠核酸酶的主要核酸外切酶活性形成对比。这些结构揭示了 Artemis 独有的 β-CASP 结构域中的第二个金属结合位点,该位点可被包括依布硒啉在内的化合物抑制。通过将我们的结构数据与最近报道的 Artemis 结构数据相结合,我们能够模拟 Artemis 与 DNA 底物的相互作用。这些结构,包括一种带有头孢菌素头孢曲松的 Artemis,将有助于合理开发选择性 SNM1 核酸酶抑制剂。这些结构揭示了 Artemis 独有的 β-CASP 结构域中的第二个金属结合位点,该位点可被包括依布硒啉在内的化合物抑制。通过将我们的结构数据与最近报道的 Artemis 结构数据相结合,我们能够模拟 Artemis 与 DNA 底物的相互作用。这些结构,包括一种带有头孢菌素头孢曲松的 Artemis,将有助于合理开发选择性 SNM1 核酸酶抑制剂。这些结构揭示了 Artemis 独有的 β-CASP 结构域中的第二个金属结合位点,该位点可被包括依布硒啉在内的化合物抑制。通过将我们的结构数据与最近报道的 Artemis 结构数据相结合,我们能够模拟 Artemis 与 DNA 底物的相互作用。这些结构,包括一种带有头孢菌素头孢曲松的 Artemis,将有助于合理开发选择性 SNM1 核酸酶抑制剂。
更新日期:2021-08-12
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