The impact of stress on health and well-being is determined by the ability of an individual to cope with challenges imposed by the stressor. Animals exposed to social defeat stress show different patterns of response during confrontations, leading to distinct stress-induced consequences. Using an established resident-intruder paradigm, we explored the outcomes of adopting active or passive coping strategies during a social defeat protocol over peripheral and central nervous system (CNS) levels of inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, glucocorticoid, and oxidative stress markers in male Wistar rats. Animals that presented short latency to assume a defeated posture during confrontation-considered as susceptible to stress-exhibited increased levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the amygdala (AMY) and in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), and decreased lipid peroxidation in the CNS, suggesting changes in antioxidative defenses as well as stress-induced neuroadaptations. On the other hand, animals with longer latencies to assume a submissive posture-considered to be resilient to stress-presented lower levels of CNS BDNF compared to short-latency animals and decreased enzymatic antioxidant defenses in the CNS in comparison to controls, which might indicate an increased risk of central oxidative damage. From the results, behavioral reactivity cannot be considered a predictor of success in responding to stress; however, the findings of this study reinforce the idea that exposure to stress has no predetermined negative effects. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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应对成本：应对社会失败压力的不同策略可能会在雄性 Wistar 大鼠中产生不同的免疫、神经可塑性和氧化应激后果。

压力对健康和幸福的影响取决于个人应对压力源带来的挑战的能力。暴露于社交失败压力的动物在对抗期间表现出不同的反应模式，导致不同的压力引起的后果。使用既定的居民入侵者范式，我们探讨了在男性 Wistar 的外周和中枢神经系统 (CNS) 水平的炎症细胞因子、生长因子、糖皮质激素和氧化应激标志物的社交失败协议中采用主动或被动应对策略的结果老鼠。在对抗过程中表现出短时间采取失败姿势的动物——被认为容易受到压力的影响——在杏仁核 (AMY) 和终纹床核 (BNST) 中表现出脑源性神经营养因子 (BDNF) 水平升高，中枢神经系统脂质过氧化减少，表明抗氧化防御和压力诱导的神经适应发生了变化。另一方面，与短潜伏期动物相比，具有较长潜伏期以采取顺从姿势的动物表现出较低水平的 CNS BDNF，与对照组相比，中枢神经系统中的酶促抗氧化防御能力降低，这可能表明增加中枢氧化损伤的风险。从结果来看，行为反应不能被认为是成功应对压力的预测指标；然而，这项研究的结果强化了这样一种观点，即承受压力并没有预先确定的负面影响。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA，保留所有权利）。