This article examines methods for and results of determining the instantaneous kinematic state of a target, i.e., its velocity and heading, using passive multistatic radar. This is achieved by combining bistatic target range and Doppler information obtained by multiple bistatic transmitter–receiver pairs, to estimate the appropriate target velocity vector. This estimation is provided as a set of closed-form equations, derived for a general case applicable to an arbitrary number of transmitters. The feasibility of the proposed approach and its accuracy predictions, as a function of the number of transmitters, are experimentally confirmed via a dedicated experimental campaign with Global Navigation Satellite Systems as transmitters of opportunity, where two different and relatively slow-moving maritime targets were in the field of view of up to 12 satellite transmitters belonging to different satellite constellations (GPS, GLONASS, and Galileo) simultaneously.

中文翻译：

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使用无源多基地雷达进行目标运动状态估计

本文研究了使用无源多基地雷达确定目标瞬时运动状态（即速度和航向）的方法和结果。这是通过组合双基地目标距离和由多个双基地发射机-接收机对获得的多普勒信息来估计适当的目标速度矢量来实现的。该估计作为一组封闭式方程提供，为适用于任意数量发射机的一般情况导出。所提出的方法的可行性及其作为发射器数量的函数的准确性预测，通过以全球导航卫星系统作为机会发射器的专门实验活动得到了实验证实，