Between nerve defects, a bridge formed by multiple cells is the fundamental structure for guiding axons across this damaged region. Here, we developed a functional material that mimics hypoxia during the early stages of nerve regeneration by deferoxamine. We used this material and single-cell sequencing to analyze the “bridge” structure between peripheral nerve defects. We found that hypoxia in damaged tissues might play a key role in stimulating macrophages, promoting endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and driving the migration of endothelial cells to the injured region to form regenerative bridge tissue and guide the subsequent regeneration of Schwann cells and axons. The results showed that the final nerve defect repair outcomes were similar with autografts after intervention by this material. This study challenges the view that hypoxia is exclusively involved in peripheral nerve regeneration and provides a potentially valuable candidate material for clinical use.

在神经缺陷之间，由多个细胞形成的桥梁是引导轴突穿过该受损区域的基本结构。在这里，我们开发了一种功能材料，可以在去铁胺神经再生的早期阶段模拟缺氧。我们使用这种材料和单细胞测序来分析周围神经缺损之间的“桥梁”结构。我们发现受损组织中的缺氧可能在刺激巨噬细胞、促进内皮向间充质转化、驱动内皮细胞向受损区域迁移形成再生桥组织并指导随后的再生等方面发挥关键作用。施万细胞和轴突。结果表明，经过这种材料干预后，最终的神经缺损修复结果与自体移植物相似。这项研究挑战了缺氧只参与周围神经再生的观点，并为临床使用提供了一种潜在的有价值的候选材料。