Using the meta-analysis technique, this research comprehensively reviews the existing open innovation (OI) literature, systematically aggregates empirical findings on the impact of OI on performance to identify key moderators and statistically tests the significance of these moderators in influencing the OI–performance relationship. Based on a comprehensive dataset of 2,377,123 firms and sub-firm units in 171 studies published from 2003 to 2018, this research demonstrates that the OI–performance relationship is significantly moderated by three key factors: performance measure, OI approach, and level of analysis. This research helps explain the conflicting findings regarding the OI–performance relationship in the existing literature, and contributes to the understanding of the effectiveness of OI practice.

中文翻译：

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开放式创新对绩效影响的元分析

本研究使用荟萃分析技术，全面回顾了现有的开放式创新（OI）文献，系统地汇总了关于 OI 对绩效影响的实证研究结果，以确定关键调节因素，并统计检验这些调节因素在影响 OI-绩效关系方面的重要性. 基于 2003 年至 2018 年发表的 171 项研究中 2,377,123 家公司和子公司单位的综合数据集，本研究表明，OI 与绩效关系受到三个关键因素的显着调节：绩效衡量、OI 方法和分析水平。这项研究有助于解释现有文献中关于 OI 与绩效关系的相互矛盾的发现，并有助于理解 OI 实践的有效性。