The choriocapillaris plays a considerable role in the normal physiology of the eye as well as in various diseases. Assessing the changes in the choriocapillaris can therefore provide important information about normal ageing and pathogenesis of visual impairment, and even some systemic diseases. In vivo imaging of the choriocapillaris has evolved from non-depth resolved, dye-based angiography to advanced, high-resolution optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). However, the intricate microvascular networks within the choriocapillaris are still beyond the resolving limits of most OCTA instruments. Knowledge of histology, meticulous image acquisition methods, recognition of artefact and post-acquisition processing techniques are necessary for optimising OCTA choriocapillaris images. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the choriocapillaris provide clinical information in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), pathologic myopia and central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Furthermore, studies have revealed choriocapillaris changes in posterior uveitis that are correlated with treatment outcome and have important prognostic significance. In addition to retinal diseases, choriocapillaris changes have been observed in systemic vascular diseases and complications associated with pregnancy.

中文翻译：

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可视化脉络膜毛细血管：组织学、成像方式和临床研究 - 综述

脉络膜毛细血管在眼睛的正常生理以及各种疾病中发挥着重要作用。因此，评估脉络膜毛细血管的变化可以提供有关正常衰老和视力障碍发病机制的重要信息，甚至是一些全身性疾病。脉络膜毛细血管的体内成像已从非深度分辨、基于染料的血管造影发展到先进的高分辨率光学相干断层扫描血管造影 (OCTA)。然而，脉络膜毛细血管内复杂的微血管网络仍然超出了大多数 OCTA 仪器的分辨极限。组织学知识、细致的图像采集方法、人工制品的识别和采集后处理技术对于优化 OCTA 脉络膜毛细血管图像是必要的。脉络膜毛细血管的定性和定量分析提供了年龄相关性黄斑变性 (AMD)、糖尿病视网膜病变 (DR)、病理性近视和中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变 (CSC) 的临床信息。此外，研究揭示了后葡萄膜炎的脉络膜毛细血管变化与治疗结果相关并具有重要的预后意义。除视网膜疾病外，在全身性血管疾病和与妊娠相关的并发症中也观察到脉络膜毛细血管变化。研究表明，后葡萄膜炎的脉络膜毛细血管变化与治疗结果相关，并具有重要的预后意义。除视网膜疾病外，在全身性血管疾病和与妊娠相关的并发症中也观察到脉络膜毛细血管变化。研究表明，后葡萄膜炎的脉络膜毛细血管变化与治疗结果相关，并具有重要的预后意义。除视网膜疾病外，在全身性血管疾病和与妊娠相关的并发症中也观察到脉络膜毛细血管变化。