Ti₃C₂T_X MXene was used for surface modification of membranes by vacuum-assisted filtration. Owing to its higher hydrophilicity, negatively charged surface, and lower molecular weight cutoff, the Ti₃C₂T_X MXene-coated membrane showed great performance for the treatment of organic contaminants. Humic acid (HA)/tannic acid mixtures were selected as the target natural organic matter (NOM). Owing to weakened hydrophobic interaction and improved size exclusion upon using Ti₃C₂T_X MXene, it was difficult for HA to pass through the membrane. Membrane performance was tested for two different charged pharmaceuticals (amitriptyline and ibuprofen) under three pH conditions. The water permeabilities of pure water and both pharmaceuticals showed similar trends. This indicates that separation is affected by electrostatic interactions because the membrane surface is more negatively charged after Ti₃C₂T_X MXene coating. Additionally, the reusability of the Ti₃C₂T_X MXene-coated membrane was evaluated in three filtration cycles for NOM. After the first and second cleanings, recoveries of water permeabilities were 95.5% and 91.6% for HA. Although NOM can act as a foulant, HA caused reversible fouling. These findings indicate that the Ti₃C₂T_X-coated membrane can be engineered to effectively treat various organic contaminants with high water permeability, retention performance, and antifouling capability.

中文翻译：

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Ti3C2TX MXene 涂层膜在去除选定的天然有机物和药物中的应用

Ti ₃ C ₂ T _X MXene 用于通过真空辅助过滤对膜进行表面改性。由于其较高的亲水性，带负电荷的表面，和更低的分子量截止，使Ti ₃ Ç ₂ Ť _X MXene-涂覆的膜用于有机污染物的治疗表现出极大的性能。腐植酸（HA）/单宁酸混合物被选为目标天然有机物（NOM）。由于使用 Ti ₃ C ₂ T _X减弱疏水相互作用和改善尺寸排阻MXene，HA很难穿过膜。在三种 pH 条件下测试了两种不同带电药物（阿米替林和布洛芬）的膜性能。纯水和两种药物的透水性表现出相似的趋势。这表明分离受静电相互作用的影响，因为在 Ti ₃ C ₂ T _X MXene 涂层后膜表面带更多的负电荷。此外，Ti ₃ C ₂ T _X的可重复使用性在 NOM 的三个过滤周期中评估了 MXene 涂层膜。在第一次和第二次清洗后，HA 的透水率分别为 95.5% 和 91.6%。尽管 NOM 可以充当污垢，但 HA 会导致可逆污垢。这些发现表明，Ti ₃ C ₂ T _X涂层膜可以设计为有效处理各种具有高透水性、截留性能和防污能力的有机污染物。