Importance Individuals with perceived experience and expertise are invited by editorial boards to provide commentary through editorials. Female representation among editorialists is not yet defined.

Objective To determine female representation as editorial authors in 3 high-impact general ophthalmology journals.

Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study investigates the proportion of female authorship in editorials published between 2005 to 2009 and 2015 to 2019 in 3 journals: Ophthalmology, JAMA Ophthalmology, and American Journal of Ophthalmology. Data were collected from April to June 2020.

Main Outcomes and Measures Proportions of female first and senior (last or solo) authors between 2005 to 2009 compared with 2015 to 2019. Secondary outcome measures include representation by sex across degree types and subspecialties. Comparisons were made for all editorialists and ophthalmologist editorialists.

Results Of 814 editorial articles, there were 1179 (first and senior) authors identified. Women held 301 (25.5%) of these authorships, including 116 of 365 first authorships (32.9%) and 185 of 814 senior authorships (23.9%). Overall, female first and senior authorships grew by 68.0% between 2005 to 2009 and 2015 to 2019 (85 of 469 [18.1%] vs 216 of 710 [30.4%]; difference, 12.3%; 95% CI, 7.4-317.2; P < .001). Between 2005 to 2009 and 2015 to 2019, first and senior authorships by women increased (first: 33 of 133 [24.8%] vs 83 of 232 [35.8%]; difference, 11.0%; 95% CI, 1.4-320.6; P = .03; senior: 52 of 336 [15.5%] vs 133 of 478 [27.8%]; difference, 12.3%; 95% CI, 6.8-317.9; P < .001). JAMA Ophthalmology most substantially contributed to the increase in female first and senior authorships (13.8% and 16%), although the test for homogeneity among the 3 journals was not significant. The proportion of female ophthalmologist first authors was greater than the proportion of American Board of Ophthalmology–certified female ophthalmologists (81 of 281 [28.9%] vs 123 of 672 [18.3%]; difference, 10.6%; 95% CI, 5.3-315.9; P < .001).

Conclusions and Relevance The proportion of female senior authors increased by 68.0% between 2005 to 2009 and 2015 to 2019, but female authors represented only 25.5% of editorialists. Compared with male ophthalmologists, female ophthalmologists were more commonly first than senior authors. Additionally, female authors were more likely to be nonophthalmologists or to hold nonmedical, non-PhD degrees. While the swelling rank of female editorialists has paralleled the rising proportion of female ophthalmologists over time, parity by sex has yet to be attained. Greater awareness of disparities and strategies to mitigate them may help equalize representation.

重要性 编辑委员会邀请具有经验和专业知识的个人通过社论提供评论。社论中的女性代表尚未确定。

目的 确定女性在 3 种高影响力普通眼科期刊中担任编辑作者的代表性。

设计、设置和参与者 这项横断面研究调查了 2005 年至 2009 年以及 2015 年至 2019 年在 3 个期刊上发表的社论中女性作者的比例：眼科、JAMA 眼科和美国眼科杂志。数据收集时间为 2020 年 4 月至 2020 年 6 月。

主要结果和措施 2005 年至 2009 年与 2015 年至 2019 年相比，女性第一作者和资深作者（最后或独奏）的比例。次要结果措施包括跨学位类型和亚专业的性别代表性。对所有编辑和眼科编辑进行了比较。

结果 在 814 篇社论文章中，确定了 1179 位（第一和资深）作者。在这些作者中，女性拥有 301 名（25.5%），包括 365 名第一作者中的 116 名（32.9%）和 814 名高级作者中的 185 名（23.9%）。总体而言，女性第一作者和高级作者在 2005 年至 2009 年和 2015 年至 2019 年间增长了 68.0%（469 人中的 85 人 [18.1%] vs 710 人中的 216 人 [30.4%]；差异，12.3%；95% CI，7.4-317.2；P  < .001)。在 2005 年至 2009 年和 2015 年至 2019 年期间，女性的第一作者和高级作者身份有所增加（第一作者：133 人中的 33 人 [24.8%] vs 232 人中的 83 人 [35.8%]；差异，11.0%；95% CI，1.4-320.6；P  = .03；老年人：336 人中的 52 人 [15.5%] 与 478 人中的 133 人 [27.8%]；差异，12.3%；95% CI，6.8-317.9；P  < .001）。美国医学会眼科对女性第一作者和资深作者的增加贡献最大（13.8% 和 16%），尽管 3 种期刊之间的同质性检验并不显着。女性眼科医生第一作者的比例大于美国眼科委员会认证的女性眼科医生的比例（281 名中的 81 名 [28.9%] vs 672 名中的 123 名 [18.3%]；差异，10.6%；95% CI，5.3-315.9 ; P  < .001)。

结论与相关性 2005 年至 2009 年和 2015 年至 2019 年，女性资深作者的比例增加了 68.0%，但女性作者仅占编辑人员的 25.5%。与男性眼科医生相比，女性眼科医生比资深作者更常见。此外，女性作者更有可能是非眼科医生或持有非医学、非博士学位。虽然随着时间的推移，女性社论家的人数不断增加，女性眼科医生的比例也在不断上升，但性别平等尚未实现。提高对差异的认识和减轻差异的策略可能有助于平衡代表性。