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Differential Tolerance and Seasonal Adaptation to Temperature and Salinity Stress at a Dynamic Range Boundary Between Estuarine Gastropods
The Biological Bulletin ( IF 1.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-11 , DOI: 10.1086/715845 Patrick J. Krug , Elizabeth Shimer , Valerie A. Rodriguez
The Biological Bulletin ( IF 1.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-11 , DOI: 10.1086/715845 Patrick J. Krug , Elizabeth Shimer , Valerie A. Rodriguez
Insight into how coastal organisms will respond to changing temperature and salinity regimes may be derived from studies of adaptation to fluctuating estuarine environments, especially under stressful range-edge conditions. We characterized a dynamic range boundary between two estuarine sea slugs, Alderia modesta (distributed across the North Pacific and North Atlantic) and Alderia willowi, known from southern and central California. The species overlap from Bodega Bay to San Francisco Bay, where populations are dominated by A. modesta after winter rains but by A. willowi after peak summer temperatures. Laboratory assays confirmed superior tolerance to low salinity for the northern species, A. modesta: encapsulated embryos developed at 8 ppt, larvae survived at 4–6 ppt, and adults survived repeated exposure to 2 ppt, salinities that reduced development or survival for the same stages of A. willowi. Adults did not appreciably differ in their high-temperature threshold, however. Each species showed increased tolerance to either temperature or salinity stress at its range margin, indicating plasticity or local adaptation, but at the cost of reduced tolerance to the other stressor. At its northern limit, A. willowi became more tolerant of low salinity during the winter rainy season, but also less heat tolerant. Conversely, A. modesta became more heat resistant from spring to summer at its southern limit, but less tolerant of low salinity. Trade-offs in stress tolerance may generally constrain adaptation and limit biotic response to a rapidly changing environment, as well as differentiating species niches.
中文翻译:
河口腹足动物动态范围边界对温度和盐度胁迫的差异耐受性和季节性适应
对沿海生物如何对不断变化的温度和盐度状况做出反应的洞察可能来自对波动的河口环境的适应研究,特别是在压力范围边缘条件下。我们描述了两个河口海蛞蝓之间的动态范围边界,Alderia norma(分布在北太平洋和北大西洋)和Alderia willowi,在加利福尼亚南部和中部已知。该品种从博德加贝伊重叠到旧金山湾,那里的人口是由主导A. Modesta的冬季降雨后,但A. willowi后夏季最高温度。实验室检测证实北方物种A.温和型对低盐度具有优异的耐受性:封装胚胎在 8 ppt 时发育,幼虫在 4-6 ppt 时存活,成虫在重复暴露于 2 ppt 的盐度下存活,这会降低A. willowi相同阶段的发育或存活率。然而,成年人的高温阈值没有明显差异。每个物种在其范围边缘表现出对温度或盐度胁迫的耐受性增加,表明可塑性或局部适应,但代价是对其他压力源的耐受性降低。在其北部边界,A. willowi在冬季雨季对低盐度的耐受性更强,但耐热性也较差。相反,A.适度从春季到夏季,在其南部边界变得更耐热,但对低盐度的耐受性较差。压力耐受性的权衡通常可能会限制适应并限制生物对快速变化的环境的反应,以及区分物种生态位。
更新日期:2021-08-12
中文翻译:
河口腹足动物动态范围边界对温度和盐度胁迫的差异耐受性和季节性适应
对沿海生物如何对不断变化的温度和盐度状况做出反应的洞察可能来自对波动的河口环境的适应研究,特别是在压力范围边缘条件下。我们描述了两个河口海蛞蝓之间的动态范围边界,Alderia norma(分布在北太平洋和北大西洋)和Alderia willowi,在加利福尼亚南部和中部已知。该品种从博德加贝伊重叠到旧金山湾,那里的人口是由主导A. Modesta的冬季降雨后,但A. willowi后夏季最高温度。实验室检测证实北方物种A.温和型对低盐度具有优异的耐受性:封装胚胎在 8 ppt 时发育,幼虫在 4-6 ppt 时存活,成虫在重复暴露于 2 ppt 的盐度下存活,这会降低A. willowi相同阶段的发育或存活率。然而,成年人的高温阈值没有明显差异。每个物种在其范围边缘表现出对温度或盐度胁迫的耐受性增加,表明可塑性或局部适应,但代价是对其他压力源的耐受性降低。在其北部边界,A. willowi在冬季雨季对低盐度的耐受性更强,但耐热性也较差。相反,A.适度从春季到夏季,在其南部边界变得更耐热,但对低盐度的耐受性较差。压力耐受性的权衡通常可能会限制适应并限制生物对快速变化的环境的反应,以及区分物种生态位。