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Formulation, Optimization, and Evaluation of Oregano Oil Nanoemulsions for the Treatment of Infections Due to Oral Microbiota
International Journal of Nanomedicine ( IF 8 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-13 , DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s325625 Khaled Hosny 1, 2, 3 , Hani Asfour 4 , Waleed Rizg 1, 2, 3 , Nabil A Alhakamy 1, 2, 3 , Amal Sindi 5 , Hala Alkhalidi 6 , Walaa Abualsunun 1 , Rana Bakhaidar 1 , Alshaimaa M Almehmady 1 , Sara Akeel 5 , Sarah Ali 5 , Adel Alghaith 7 , Sultan Alshehri 7 , Rasha Khallaf 8
International Journal of Nanomedicine ( IF 8 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-13 , DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s325625 Khaled Hosny 1, 2, 3 , Hani Asfour 4 , Waleed Rizg 1, 2, 3 , Nabil A Alhakamy 1, 2, 3 , Amal Sindi 5 , Hala Alkhalidi 6 , Walaa Abualsunun 1 , Rana Bakhaidar 1 , Alshaimaa M Almehmady 1 , Sara Akeel 5 , Sarah Ali 5 , Adel Alghaith 7 , Sultan Alshehri 7 , Rasha Khallaf 8
Affiliation
Introduction: Natural oil-based nanoemulsions (NEs) have been widely investigated in many diseases that affect the oral cavity. NEs are delivery systems that enhance the solubility of lipid therapeutics and improve their delivery to target sites; they are known as self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDSs). The current investigation’s aim was to produce an oregano essential oil-based nanoemulsion (OEO-SNEDD) that would have antibacterial and antifungal effects against oral microbiota and improve oral health.
Methods: Several OEO-SNEDDSs were developed using different percentages of OEO (10%, 14%, and 18%), percentages of a surfactant mixture Pluracare L64:Lauroglycol FCC (18%, 32%, and 36%), Smix ratios (1:2, 1:1, and 2:1), and hydrophilic-lipophilic balances (HLBs) of the surfactant mixture (8, 10, and 12) using the Box‒Behnken design. The optimized concentration of excipients was determined using a pseudoternary phase diagram to obtain the NEs. The formulations were evaluated for their droplet size, stability index, and antibacterial and antifungal activities.
Results: The NEs had a droplet size of 150 to 500 nm and stability index of 47% to 95%, and the produced formulation reached antibacterial and antifungal inhibition zones of up to 19 and 17 mm, respectively. The Box‒Behnken design was adopted to get the optimum formulation, which was 18% OEO, 36% Smix, 10.29 HLB of Smix, and a 1.25:1 Smix ratio. The optimized formulation had a lower ulcer index compared with various other formulations evaluated in rats.
Conclusion: This study illustrated that OEO-SNEDDSs can provide good protection against oral microbial infections.
Keywords: oregano essential oil, nanoemulsion, Box‒Behnken design, ulcer index, required HLB, carvacrol, thymol, stability index
中文翻译：
用于治疗口腔微生物群感染的牛至油纳米乳的配方、优化和评价
简介：天然油基纳米乳剂 (NEs) 已在许多影响口腔的疾病中得到广泛研究。NEs 是提高脂质治疗剂溶解度并改善其向靶位点递送的递送系统；它们被称为自纳米乳化药物递送系统（SNEDDS）。当前研究的目的是生产一种基于牛至精油的纳米乳剂 (OEO-SNEDD)，该乳剂对口腔微生物群具有抗菌和抗真菌作用，并改善口腔健康。
方法：使用不同百分比的 OEO（10%、14% 和 18%）、表面活性剂混合物 Pluracare L64:Lauroglycol FCC（18%、32% 和 36%）的百分比、S mix开发了几种 OEO-SNEDDS使用 Box-Behnken 设计的表面活性剂混合物（8、10 和 12）的比率（1:2、1:1 和 2:1）和亲水-亲油平衡 (HLB)。使用伪三元相图确定赋形剂的优化浓度以获得NE。评估了制剂的液滴大小、稳定性指数以及抗菌和抗真菌活性。
结果： NEs液滴尺寸为150~500 nm，稳定性指数为47%~95%，制备的制剂抗菌抑菌区分别达到19 mm和17 mm。采用 Box-Behnken 设计得到最佳配方，即 18% OEO、36% S mix、10.29 HLB of S mix和 1.25:1 S mix比率。与在大鼠中评估的各种其他配方相比，优化的配方具有较低的溃疡指数。
结论：本研究表明，OEO-SNEDDS 可以提供良好的口腔微生物感染保护。
关键词：牛至精油，纳米乳，Box-Behnken 设计，溃疡指数，所需 HLB，香芹酚，百里酚，稳定性指数
更新日期：2021-08-12
Methods: Several OEO-SNEDDSs were developed using different percentages of OEO (10%, 14%, and 18%), percentages of a surfactant mixture Pluracare L64:Lauroglycol FCC (18%, 32%, and 36%), Smix ratios (1:2, 1:1, and 2:1), and hydrophilic-lipophilic balances (HLBs) of the surfactant mixture (8, 10, and 12) using the Box‒Behnken design. The optimized concentration of excipients was determined using a pseudoternary phase diagram to obtain the NEs. The formulations were evaluated for their droplet size, stability index, and antibacterial and antifungal activities.
Results: The NEs had a droplet size of 150 to 500 nm and stability index of 47% to 95%, and the produced formulation reached antibacterial and antifungal inhibition zones of up to 19 and 17 mm, respectively. The Box‒Behnken design was adopted to get the optimum formulation, which was 18% OEO, 36% Smix, 10.29 HLB of Smix, and a 1.25:1 Smix ratio. The optimized formulation had a lower ulcer index compared with various other formulations evaluated in rats.
Conclusion: This study illustrated that OEO-SNEDDSs can provide good protection against oral microbial infections.
Keywords: oregano essential oil, nanoemulsion, Box‒Behnken design, ulcer index, required HLB, carvacrol, thymol, stability index
中文翻译：
用于治疗口腔微生物群感染的牛至油纳米乳的配方、优化和评价
简介：天然油基纳米乳剂 (NEs) 已在许多影响口腔的疾病中得到广泛研究。NEs 是提高脂质治疗剂溶解度并改善其向靶位点递送的递送系统；它们被称为自纳米乳化药物递送系统（SNEDDS）。当前研究的目的是生产一种基于牛至精油的纳米乳剂 (OEO-SNEDD)，该乳剂对口腔微生物群具有抗菌和抗真菌作用，并改善口腔健康。
方法：使用不同百分比的 OEO（10%、14% 和 18%）、表面活性剂混合物 Pluracare L64:Lauroglycol FCC（18%、32% 和 36%）的百分比、S mix开发了几种 OEO-SNEDDS使用 Box-Behnken 设计的表面活性剂混合物（8、10 和 12）的比率（1:2、1:1 和 2:1）和亲水-亲油平衡 (HLB)。使用伪三元相图确定赋形剂的优化浓度以获得NE。评估了制剂的液滴大小、稳定性指数以及抗菌和抗真菌活性。
结果： NEs液滴尺寸为150~500 nm，稳定性指数为47%~95%，制备的制剂抗菌抑菌区分别达到19 mm和17 mm。采用 Box-Behnken 设计得到最佳配方，即 18% OEO、36% S mix、10.29 HLB of S mix和 1.25:1 S mix比率。与在大鼠中评估的各种其他配方相比，优化的配方具有较低的溃疡指数。
结论：本研究表明，OEO-SNEDDS 可以提供良好的口腔微生物感染保护。
关键词：牛至精油，纳米乳，Box-Behnken 设计，溃疡指数，所需 HLB，香芹酚，百里酚，稳定性指数
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