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Soil organic matter in physical fractions after intensification of irrigated rice-pasture rotation systems
Soil and Tillage Research ( IF 6.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-12 , DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2021.105160
Ignacio Macedo 1 , M.Virginia Pravia 1 , Jesús Castillo 1 , José A. Terra 1
Affiliation  

Crop-pasture systems improve soil quality, but their intensification through the increase of the frequency of annual crops may reduce it. We evaluated the impacts of six no-till rice rotations systems on soil quality after five years in a field scale long term experiment established on a site with a 30 years old stabilized rice-pasture rotation. Rotations included: continuous rice (ContRc); rice-soybean (Rc-Sy); rice-soybean-rice-sorghum (Rc-Sy-Sg); rice-soybean-pasture (Rc-Sy-Past); and rice-pasture, with short (Rc-SPast) and long-term pastures (Rc-LPast). Cover crops were included in winter between cash crops. All rotation phases coexisted and were replicated three times in space. Soil quality indicators included: soil organic carbon and total nitrogen contents in bulk soil (TSOC and TN, respectively) and in particulate (>53 μm, POM-C and POM-N) and mineral associated soil organic matter fractions (<53 μm, MAOM-C and MAOM-N). Soil cores were collected at 0−5 cm and 5−15 cm soils depths (results presented at 0−5 and 0−15 cm depths). Additionally, soil samples were taken up to 60 cm soil depth every 15 cm for TSOC and TN. After five years, no differences were observed in TSOC (29.3 Mg C ha−1) or TN (3.16 Mg N ha−1) between rotations in the first 0−15 cm as well as for each layer and in the aggregated 0−60 cm of soil. Neither POM-C nor POM-N contents were different between treatments that had perennial pastures in the rotation. However, Rc-LPast had 18 and 19 % greater POM-C and POM-N respectively than the average of Rc-Sy and Rc-Sy-Sg, (6.06 Mg C ha−1 and 0.48 Mg N ha−1, 0−15 cm depth). Meanwhile, the POM-C represented 23.6 % of TSOC in Rc-LPast, but in rotations that replaced pastures (Rc-Sy and Rc-Sy-Sg) represented only 20 %. For soils in temperate zones, under a stable rice-pasture rotation, there are intensification alternatives which preserved TSOC in the midterm. However, the reduction in the particulate fractions observed in the rice rotations that substituted perennial pastures with other crops, suggests that TSOC may be more vulnerable to losses in the long term.



中文翻译:

灌溉稻草轮作系统强化后土壤有机质物理组分

农牧系统改善了土壤质量,但通过增加一年生作物的种植频率而使其集约化可能会降低土壤质量。我们在具有 30 年稳定稻草轮作的场地上建立的田间规模长期试验中,评估了 5 年后六个免耕水稻轮作系统对土壤质量的影响。轮作包括:连续大米(ContRc);大米-大豆(Rc-Sy);水稻-大豆-水稻-高粱(Rc-Sy-Sg);水稻-大豆-牧场(Rc-Sy-Past);和水稻牧场,有短期(Rc-SPast)和长期牧场(Rc-LPast)。覆盖作物包括在冬季经济作物之间。所有旋转阶段共存并在空间中复制了 3 次。土壤质量指标包括:土壤有机碳和总氮含量(分别为 TSOC 和 TN)和颗粒(>53 μm,POM-C 和 POM-N)和矿物相关的土壤有机质部分(<53 μm、MAOM-C 和 MAOM-N)。在 0-5 厘米和 5-15 厘米土壤深度处收集土壤核心(结果显示在 0-5 和 0-15 厘米深度)。此外,对于 TSOC 和 TN,每 15 厘米采集土壤样品,土壤深度可达 60 厘米。五年后,TSOC(29.3 Mg C ha-1 ) 或 TN (3.16 Mg N ha -1 ) 在前 0-15 厘米以及每层和土壤的聚集 0-60 厘米的旋转之间。POM-C 和 POM-N 含量在轮作中具有多年生牧场的处理之间没有差异。然而,Rc-LPast 的 POM-C 和 POM-N 分别比 Rc-Sy 和 Rc-Sy-Sg 的平均值高 18% 和 19%,(6.06 Mg C ha -1和 0.48 Mg N ha -1, 0-15 厘米深度)。同时,POM-C 在 Rc-LPast 中占 TSOC 的 23.6%,但在替代牧场(Rc-Sy 和 Rc-Sy-Sg)的轮作中仅占 20%。对于温带土壤,在稳定的稻草轮作下,有一些集约化替代方案可以在中期保留 TSOC。然而,在用其他作物替代多年生牧场的水稻轮作中观察到的颗粒部分减少表明,从长远来看,TSOC 可能更容易受到损失。

更新日期:2021-08-12
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