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Adaptive assessment of small ruminants in arid and semi-arid regions
Small Ruminant Research ( IF 1.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-12 , DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2021.106497
Jacinara Hody Gurgel Morais Leite 1 , Débora Andréa Evangelista Façanha 2 , Juan Vicente Delgado Bermejo 3 , Magda Maria Guilhermino 4 , Luis Alberto Bermejo 5
Affiliation  

Breeding small ruminants is an important economic activity in arid and semi-arid regions. This activity has gained more prominence in the present climatic scenario. With increasing global warming, many researchers are analysing how locally adaptive animals maintain homeostasis in regions characterized by high air temperatures. However, there has been no standardization regarding which characteristics should be assessed to determine the adaptive capacity of these animals or included in breeding programmes to improve thermal resistance. Thus, the objectives of this review are: (1) to present an overview of characteristics involved in heat adaptation of highly adapted small ruminants and (2) highlight the characteristics that could be included in breeding programmes to increase the adaptability of herds. Much research has evaluated the immediate response of animals to thermal stress conditions, such as increases in rectal temperature, respiratory rate, and sweating. However, considering that homeostasis represents a condition of balance in a biological system and that animals adapted to the environment are in homeostasis, this review proposes to address the adaptive characteristics acquired over years of exposure to stressful conditions in arid and semiarid regions. These include morphological changes such as coat characteristics, alterations in blood constituents, acid-base balance, such as hormones, haematological and biochemical profiles, as well as advances in genetic assessments.



中文翻译:

干旱半干旱地区小反刍动物适应性评价

养殖小反刍动物是干旱和半干旱地区的一项重要经济活动。在目前的气候情况下,这项活动更加突出。随着全球变暖的加剧,许多研究人员正在分析具有局部适应性的动物如何在以高气温为特征的地区保持体内平衡。然而,对于应该评估哪些特征来确定这些动物的适应能力或将哪些特征包括在育种计划中以提高耐热性,还没有标准化。因此,本综述的目的是:(1) 概述高度适应的小反刍动物热适应所涉及的特征;(2) 突出可包括在育种计划中以提高畜群适应性的特征。许多研究评估了动物对热应激条件的直接反应,例如直肠温度升高、呼吸频率和出汗。然而,考虑到动态平衡代表了生物系统中的平衡条件,并且适应环境的动物处于动态平衡状态,本综述建议解决在干旱和半干旱地区多年暴露于压力条件下获得的适应性特征。这些包括形态变化,如毛皮特征、血液成分的改变、酸碱平衡(如激素)、血液学和生化特征,以及遗传评估的进步。考虑到动态平衡代表生物系统中的一种平衡条件,并且适应环境的动物处于动态平衡状态,本综述建议解决干旱和半干旱地区多年暴露于压力条件下获得的适应性特征。这些包括形态变化,如毛皮特征、血液成分的改变、酸碱平衡(如激素)、血液学和生化特征,以及遗传评估的进步。考虑到动态平衡代表生物系统中的一种平衡条件,并且适应环境的动物处于动态平衡状态,本综述建议解决干旱和半干旱地区多年暴露于压力条件下获得的适应性特征。这些包括形态变化,如毛皮特征、血液成分的改变、酸碱平衡(如激素)、血液学和生化特征,以及遗传评估的进步。

更新日期:2021-08-12
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