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Structural features regulated photoluminescence intensity and cell internalization of carbon and graphene quantum dots for bioimaging
Biomaterials Advances ( IF 7.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-12 , DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112366
Mounika Choppadandi 1 , Aditya Teja Guduru 1 , Piyush Gondaliya 2 , Neha Arya 1 , Kiran Kalia 2 , Hemant Kumar 3 , Govinda Kapusetti 1
Affiliation  

Carbon-based nanostructures with nanometer dimensions have been identified as potential photoluminescence probes for bioimaging due to their biocompatibility, tunable bandgap, and resistance to photobleaching. However, the influence of structural features of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) in bioimaging has not been explored previously. In the present investigation, we elucidated the mechanism of higher PL in GQDs as compared to CQDs as a function of their structural features. TEM and AFM studies revealed that CQDs were spherical (size ~5 nm), while GQDs showed zigzag edges (size ~3 nm). Further, XRD and NMR studies confirmed that CQDs and GQDs show amorphous and crystalline structures with greater sp2 clusters, respectively. While both the QDs demonstrated multicolor fluorescence against variable excitations with similar lifetime, GQDs showed 7-fold higher QY than CQDs. Bioimaging studies in 2D cell culture, 3D tumoroids, and in vivo suggested a greater intensity of fluorescence in GQDs than CQDs. Additionally, rapid cell internalization was observed in GQDs owing to their positive surface potential by heterogeneous atomic (N and S) doping. Moreover, both CQDs and GQDs have demonstrated better time dependent stability for fluorescence properties. Taken together, the proposed mechanism elucidates the greater PL intensity in GQDs due to quantum confinement effect, crystallinity, and surface edge effects and is a better candidate for bioimaging amongst the carbon family.



中文翻译:

用于生物成像的碳和石墨烯量子点的结构特征调节光致发光强度和细胞内化

具有纳米尺寸的碳基纳米结构由于其生物相容性、可调带隙和抗光漂白性,已被确定为用于生物成像的潜在光致发光探针。然而,碳量子点 (CQDs) 和石墨烯量子点 (GQDs) 的结构特征在生物成像中的影响之前尚未探索过。在本研究中,我们阐明了 GQD 与 CQD 相比更高 PL 的机制,作为其结构特征的函数。TEM 和 AFM 研究表明,CQDs 是球形的(尺寸 ~5 nm),而 GQDs 显示出锯齿形边缘(尺寸 ~3 nm)。此外,XRD 和 NMR 研究证实,CQDs 和 GQDs 显示出具有更大sp 2 的无定形和晶体结构簇,分别。虽然这两种 QD 都表现出针对具有相似寿命的可变激发的多色荧光,但 GQD 的 QY 比 CQD 高 7 倍。2D 细胞培养、3D 类肿瘤和体内的生物成像研究表明,GQD的荧光强度高于 CQD。此外,由于异质原子(N 和 S)掺杂的正表面电位,在 GQD 中观察到快速细胞内化。此外,CQDs 和 GQDs 都表现出更好的荧光特性的时间依赖性稳定性。总之,所提出的机制阐明了由于量子限制效应、结晶度和表面边缘效应导致 GQD 中更大的 PL 强度,并且是碳家族中生物成像的更好候选者。

更新日期:2021-08-26
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