A. Lawrence “Larry” Kolz

February 2, 1936 – August 1, 2021

A. Lawrence “Larry” Kolz, a lifelong native of Colorado, died August 1, 2021, at his home in Colorado Springs, Colorado; he had fought Parkinson’s disease since 2014. In high school, he was interested in a career in fisheries. A teacher told him (to quote Larry) “You know, you’re good at math and you’re good at science. Why would you want to major in an occupation where you’ll never find a job?”! Thus, Kolz pursued a BS degree in electrical engineering at Colorado State University. Upon graduation, he was awarded a fellowship with Hughes Aircraft to pursue an MS degree at the University of Arizona in Tucson. He wrote a thesis on microwave propagation in ionized media. After 6 years with Hughes, he returned to Colorado and worked for another private company, where his job was to predict the radar signals from missiles reentering Earth’s atmosphere and surrounded by ionized gases. Radar signals encountering a missile would be either absorbed or reflected. Kolz realized, based on his MS thesis work, that radar success depended upon the strength of power signals transmitted and received. This work was done during the Cold War and some of it was classified under military contract. All this work with power in ionizd media would set the stage for the Power Transfer Theory of electrofishing.

In the late 1960s, Kolz took a position at the Denver Wildlife Research Center, perhaps the only electrical engineer in the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service at that time, to develop equipment and conduct studies in wildlife telemetry. One day in 1980, he was visited by two fisheries biologists on their way to teach an electrofishing course in San Marcos, Texas. They wanted someone with electrical training to accompany them. Kolz knew nothing of electrofishing and was incredulous that anyone would purposely mix water and electricity in uncontrolled conditions. Nevertheless, his interest was piqued in the method. He agreed to attend the course and asked for some advance literature; this was provided. He was struck that (1) there was no underlying theory and (2) electrofishing worked just like radar; electrodes sent power through the water, an ionized medium, and the power that encountered a fish was either absorbed or reflected. He concluded that it was the power, not voltage or current alone, that caused fish reactions and their capture. He prepared for the course by developing his ideas in advance and first presented the concepts there. The Texas course was followed by his teaching or co-teaching over 60 courses (1980–2007), nationally and internationally, to about 2,000 fisheries biologists. He liked to say that wildlife telemetry was his job, but electrofishing his avocation. By the late 1980s, he completed and published his development of Power Transfer Theory (Kolz 1989). Kolz also co-authored the electrofishing chapter in the third edition of Fisheries Techniques (Reynolds and Kolz 2012). Although he published other articles on electrofishing, his 1989 article was his seminal work; it has been cited countless times and serves as the theoretical foundation for electrofishing. In 2009, he received the Award of Merit from the Fisheries Management Section of the American Fisheries Society in recognition of his many contributions to electrofishing science. Paradoxically, the fisheries community can be grateful to his high school teacher for steering him away from a fisheries career. His decision to pursue electrical engineering, and the results that followed, is a classic example of the benefits of interdisciplinary research. Breakthroughs result when disciplines swerve from parallel paths to ones that cross each other. Larry Kolz was a gentle and generous person and will be remembered for his great work. His presence was rewarding to those who knew him and his absence will leave us bereft of a colleague and friend.

A. 劳伦斯“拉里”科尔茨

1936 年 2 月 2 日 – 2021 年 8 月 1 日

A. 劳伦斯·“拉里”·科尔兹 (Lawrence “Larry” Kolz) 是科罗拉多州的终身人，他于 2021 年 8 月 1 日在科罗拉多州科罗拉多斯普林斯的家中去世；自 2014 年以来，他一直在与帕金森病作斗争。在高中时，他对从事渔业工作很感兴趣。一位老师告诉他（引用拉里的话）“你知道，你擅长数学，也擅长科学。你为什么要主修一个你永远找不到工作的职业？”！因此，Kolz 在科罗拉多州立大学攻读了电气工程学士学位。毕业后，他获得了休斯飞机公司的奖学金，在图森的亚利桑那大学攻读硕士学位。他写了一篇关于电离介质中微波传播的论文。在休斯工作了 6 年后，他回到科罗拉多州，在另一家私人公司工作，他的工作是预测重新进入地球大气层并被电离气体包围的导弹的雷达信号。遇到导弹的雷达信号要么被吸收，要么被反射。根据他的硕士论文工作，Kolz 意识到雷达的成功取决于发射和接收的功率信号的强度。这项工作是在冷战期间完成的，其中一些属于军事合同。所有这些在电离介质中使用功率的工作将为电捕鱼的功率传输理论奠定基础。这项工作是在冷战期间完成的，其中一些属于军事合同。所有这些在电离介质中使用功率的工作将为电捕鱼的功率传输理论奠定基础。这项工作是在冷战期间完成的，其中一些属于军事合同。所有这些在电离介质中使用功率的工作将为电捕鱼的功率传输理论奠定基础。

1960 年代后期，Kolz 在丹佛野生动物研究中心（当时可能是美国鱼类和野生动物管理局唯一的电气工程师）任职，负责开发设备并进行野生动物遥测研究。1980 年的一天，两名渔业生物学家拜访了他，他们在德克萨斯州圣马科斯教电捕鱼课程的路上。他们想要一个受过电气培训的人陪伴他们。Kolz 对电捕鱼一无所知，并且怀疑有人会在不受控制的条件下故意混合水和电。尽管如此，他还是对这种方法产生了兴趣。他同意参加课程并要求提供一些预先的文献；这是提供的。他感到震惊的是（1）没有潜在的理论，（2）电捕鱼就像雷达一样工作；电极通过水传递能量，一种电离介质，遇到鱼的能量要么被吸收，要么被反射。他得出的结论是，是功率，而不是电压或电流，导致了鱼类的反应和捕获。他通过提前发展自己的想法为课程做准备，并首先在那里介绍了概念。在德克萨斯州的课程之后，他在国内和国际上为大约 2,000 名渔业生物学家教授或合作教授了 60 多门课程（1980-2007 年）。他喜欢说野生动物遥测是他的工作，但电捕鱼是他的业余爱好。到 1980 年代后期，他完成并发表了他对能量转移理论（Kolz 他通过提前发展自己的想法为课程做准备，并首先在那里介绍了概念。在德克萨斯州的课程之后，他在国内和国际上为大约 2,000 名渔业生物学家教授或合作教授了 60 多门课程（1980-2007 年）。他喜欢说野生动物遥测是他的工作，但电捕鱼是他的业余爱好。到 1980 年代后期，他完成并发表了他对能量转移理论（Kolz 他通过提前发展自己的想法为课程做准备，并首先在那里介绍了概念。在德克萨斯州的课程之后，他在国内和国际上为大约 2,000 名渔业生物学家教授或合作教授了 60 多门课程（1980-2007 年）。他喜欢说野生动物遥测是他的工作，但电捕鱼是他的业余爱好。到 1980 年代后期，他完成并发表了他对能量转移理论（Kolz1989 年）。Kolz 还与他人合着了《渔业技术》第三版中的电捕鱼章节（Reynolds 和 Kolz 2012）。尽管他发表了其他关于电捕鱼的文章，但他 1989 年的文章是他的开创性著作；它被无数次引用，并作为电捕鱼的理论基础。2009 年，他获得了美国渔业协会渔业管理部门颁发的优异奖，以表彰他对电捕鱼科学的许多贡献。矛盾的是，渔业社区可以感谢他的高中老师引导他远离渔业职业。他从事电气工程的决定以及随后的结果是跨学科研究优势的典型例子。当学科从平行路径转向相互交叉的路径时，就会出现突破。拉里·科尔兹 (Larry Kolz) 是一个温柔大方的人，他的出色工作将被人们铭记。