Double layer glass/fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO)/aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) multifunctional thin films were achieved via ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) method without employing a post-deposition annealing. Transparent heater and near-infrared heat reflection behaviors were investigated. The samples were characterized in terms of their structural, morphological, optical, and electrical properties. The top AZO layer exhibited a polycrystalline structure without any preferred orientation. The double layer structure showed very high average transmittance (87%, 400–700 nm) in the visible and reflectance (55%, 2500 nm) in the near-infrared, regions. In addition, the sheet resistance and resistivity of the film were measured as 14.85 (Ω sq⁻¹) and 1.78 × 10⁻³ (Ω cm), respectively. The saturation temperature, response time, surface temperature uniformity, areal power density, and thermal resistance values were found to be 111 °C, 174 s, 11.42%, 0.299 W/cm², and 282.8 °C cm² W⁻¹ for a sample with an active area of 31.5 cm² and input voltage of 9 V. In addition, dry-ice cooled samples (−25 °C) showed impressive deicing performance depending on the input power. In case of 12 V, all ice was defrosted, and water droplets were evaporated within 2 min and 10 s. During this process, a heating rate of ⁓43 °C/min was achieved.

双层玻璃/掺氟氧化锡（FTO）/掺铝氧化锌（AZO）多功能薄膜是通过超声喷雾热解（USP）方法实现的，无需采用沉积后退火。研究了透明加热器和近红外热反射行为。样品在结构、形态、光学和电学特性方面进行了表征。顶部 AZO 层呈现多晶结构，没有任何择优取向。双层结构在可见光区域显示出非常高的平均透射率（87%，400-700 nm），在近红外区域显示出非常高的反射率（55%，2500 nm）。此外，薄膜的薄层电阻和电阻率测量为 14.85 (Ω sq ^-1 ) 和 1.78 × 10 ^-3(Ω cm)，分别。的饱和温度，反应时间，表面温度均匀，面积的功率密度，和热阻值被发现是111℃，174个S，11.42％，0.299瓦/厘米²，和282.8℃的厘米²  w ^ ^-1为有效面积为 31.5 cm ²和输入电压为 9 V 的样品。此外，干冰冷却样品 (-25 °C) 显示出令人印象深刻的除冰性能，具体取决于输入功率。在 12 V 的情况下，所有冰都被解冻，水滴在 2 分 10 秒内蒸发。在此过程中，达到了⁓43 °C/min 的加热速率。