Although victim blaming in the context of sexual assault is often emphasized, little research has compared rates of victim blaming following sexual assault relative to other forms of victimization. This research investigated whether there is a crime-specific bias toward blaming victims of sexual assault. Victim blaming was assessed via different methods from the observer perspective in vignette-based studies, as well as survivors’ accounts of social reactions they received. In Study 1, participants were asked to rate how much the survivor was to blame in three vignettes, each with a different randomized crime outcome: rape, physical assault, or theft. Study 2 assessed blame for a vignette that either ended in rape or theft, via a causal attribution statement. Study 3 asked interpersonal trauma survivors who had experienced at least two forms of victimization (i.e., sexual assault, physical assault, or theft) to report the social reactions they received following disclosure of each of these crimes. Across all three studies, victim blaming occurred following multiple forms of victimization and there was no evidence of a particular bias toward blaming survivors of sexual assault more so than other crimes. However, results of Study 3 highlight that, following sexual assault, survivors receive more silencing and stigmatizing reactions than they experienced after other crimes. Interpersonal traumas (i.e., sexual or physical assault) also resulted in more egocentric responses compared to theft. Altogether, there does not appear to be a crime-specific bias for victim blaming; however, crime-specific bias is apparent for some other, potentially understudied, social reactions. Implications of these findings highlight the value of victim blaming education and prevention efforts through trauma-informed services and outreach following victimization. Furthermore, service providers and advocates might especially seek to recognize and prevent silencing and stigmatizing reactions following sexual assault disclosures.

尽管经常强调在性侵犯的情况下指责受害者，但很少有研究比较性侵犯后受害者指责与其他形式的受害的比率。这项研究调查了指责性侵犯受害者是否存在针对特定犯罪的偏见。在基于小插曲的研究中，从观察者的角度，以及幸存者对他们收到的社会反应的描述，通过不同的方法评估了受害者的指责。在研究 1 中，参与者被要求评估幸存者在三个小插曲中的责任，每个小插曲都有不同的随机犯罪结果：强奸、人身攻击或盗窃。研究 2 通过因果归因声明评估了以强奸或盗窃告终的小插曲的责任。研究 3 要求经历过至少两种形式的受害（即性侵犯、人身攻击或盗窃）的人际创伤幸存者报告他们在披露这些罪行后收到的社会反应。在所有三项研究中，受害者责备发生在多种形式的受害之后，并且没有证据表明比其他罪行更倾向于责备性侵犯幸存者。然而，研究 3 的结果强调，在性侵犯之后，幸存者受到的沉默和污名化反应比他们在其他犯罪后经历的更多。与盗窃相比，人际创伤（即性或身体攻击）也导致更多以自我为中心的反应。总而言之，受害者责备似乎没有针对特定犯罪的偏见；然而，对于其他一些可能未被充分研究的社会反应，特定犯罪的偏见是显而易见的。这些调查结果的含义强调了通过创伤知情服务和受害后外展的受害者指责教育和预防工作的价值。此外，服务提供者和倡导者可能会特别寻求承认和防止在性侵犯披露后的沉默和污名化反应。