Background

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a major health problem in the Saudi Arabian population. The aim of this study was to determine the status of antioxidant enzymes, liver enzymes, and intake of selected nutrients in subjects with MetS among Saudi adults in Taif city.

Methods

In this case-control study, a total of 104 subjects (76 with MetS and 28 controls) were recruited. Demographic data was obtained from the participants. Evaluation of anthropometric variables, glucose, lipid profiles, antioxidant enzymes and liver profile were performed. Dietary intake was evaluated through FFQ.

Results

A positive correlation was observed between protein intake and alanine transaminase (ALT) among subjects with MetS (R = 0.33; p < 0.01). In all subjects, the macronutrients were significant predictors of body mass index [carbohydrates (β = 0.66; p < 0.001) followed by fats (β = 0.43; p = 0.003) and protein (β = 0.25; p = 0.04). Fat intake was the most significant predictor for waist circumference (β = 0.46; p = 0.001) followed by protein (β = 0.30; p = 0.01) and carbohydrates (β = 0.49; p = 0.02). Linoleic acid intake had a significant protective effect on diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.027). No significant differences were elicited in antioxidants, liver enzymes and dietary intake between MetS and controls.

Conclusion

Among the antioxidant and liver enzymes, only ALT was significantly associated with protein intake among MetS subjects. Moderate consumption of this macronutrient is recommended among subjects with MetS to prevent liver injury. Further studies are needed using a longitudinal design and with larger sample size to confirm present findings.

中文翻译：

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有和没有代谢综合征的阿拉伯成年人的抗氧化状态和饮食模式

背景

代谢综合征 (MetS) 是沙特阿拉伯人口的主要健康问题。本研究的目的是确定塔伊夫市沙特成人 MetS 受试者的抗氧化酶、肝酶和特定营养素摄入量的状况。

方法

在这项病例对照研究中，共招募了 104 名受试者（76 名患有 MetS，28 名对照者）。从参与者那里获得了人口统计数据。对人体测量变量、葡萄糖、脂质特征、抗氧化酶和肝脏特征进行评估。通过FFQ评估膳食摄入量。

结果

在患有 MetS 的受试者中观察到蛋白质摄入量和丙氨酸转氨酶 (ALT) 之间呈正相关（R = 0.33；p < 0.01）。在所有受试者中，宏量营养素是体重指数 [碳水化合物 (β = 0.66; p < 0.001) 其次是脂肪 (β = 0.43; p = 0.003) 和蛋白质 (β = 0.25; p = 0.04) 的重要预测因子。脂肪摄入量是腰围最重要的预测因子（β = 0.46；p = 0.001），其次是蛋白质（β = 0.30；p = 0.01）和碳水化合物（β = 0.49；p = 0.02）。亚油酸摄入对舒张压有显着的保护作用（p = 0.027）。MetS 和对照组之间在抗氧化剂、肝酶和膳食摄入量方面没有引起显着差异。

结论

在抗氧化剂和肝酶中，只有 ALT 与 MetS 受试者的蛋白质摄入量显着相关。建议患有 MetS 的受试者适量食用这种常量营养素，以防止肝损伤。需要使用纵向设计和更大的样本量进行进一步研究，以确认目前的发现。